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2011, Number 2

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Rev Cub Gen 2011; 5 (2)

Intellectual disability. An approach to its main causes in the Plurinational State of Bolivia

Taboada LN, Bravo TO, Licea RMA, Acosta CO, Pérez EO, Díaz SR, Rodríguez VLJ, Bacallao BA, González TKA, Morales CN

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 50-56
PDF size: 426.95 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Intellectual disability is the most common type of disability with a major impact on the life of the affected person, the family and society, with an estimated incidence between 1-4 % of the population. Among its originating causes, from 30 to 50 % are genetic in origin, 15 % are of environmental origin, and the rest have an unknown origin. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed, which included all cases identified by the Misión Solidaria del ALBA “Moto Méndez”. A low rate of prevalence of this kind of disability was found in the Multinational State of Bolivia, with a higher incidence of cases with moderate and severe intellectual disability. Prenatal etiology prevailed, and within this group, the prenatal genetic one did. Hypoxia and prematurity were the environmental factors associated with perinatal issues most frequently observed. Central nervous system sepsis and trauma were found to be the most common postnatal causes. Persons in the psychosis and unclassifiable groups only represented one sixth of the cases with this type of disability in the Andean country.


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