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2011, Number 4

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2011; 19 (4)

Adipose tissue as a master organ in metabolism

Gutiérrez-Ruiz J, Velázquez-Paniagua M, Prieto-Gómez B

Language: Spanish
References: 46
Page: 154-162
PDF size: 113.32 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Obesity in Mexico has reached alarming proportions: it is the country with the highest prevalence of childhood obesity and the second highest in terms of adult obesity. Multiple studies have shown that an increase in the amount of visceral fat is responsible for diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, acute myocardial infarction and stroke, among others. So the role of adipose tissue and its relation with chronic disease is being reconsidered. Many endocrine and inflammatory mediators and compounds are produced by the adipose tissue, and collectively are known as adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP), visfatin, omentin and apelin). Adipokines are well known to generate insulin resistance. Inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), are involved in the formation of the atheromatous plaque and induce endothelial damage. Besides adipocytes, fat tissue contains other cellular elements, such as macrophages, T cells and fibroblast which interact with each other through chemical mediators. This brief review analyzes and present the role of adipose tissue in the inflammatory and endocrine system, and its relationship with some chronic degenerative diseases.


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