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Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología

2009, Number 1-2

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Microbiología 2009; 51 (1-2)

Involved mechanisms in the variability of gram–negative bacteria O antigen

Reyes RE, Ramírez SH, Solís GC, Ortiz HM, Coria JR

Language: Spanish
References: 71
Page: 32-43
PDF size: 333.28 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a heterogeneous structure of gram–negative bacteria which permits the microorganism to adapt to its environment. The heterogeneity of LPS falls on the nature, order, and union of different types of sugars which constitute the polysaccharide chain of the O antigen. The O antigen modifies its sugar molecules by union of different radicals, and elongation of its chain. The composition and length of the chain of the O antigen is an indicator of virulence, and this characteristic varies among bacterial strains and even intrastrains. Changes in the composition and structure of LPS could be caused by phase variation, and lateral transference of genes. The variability of LPS affects the adhesion properties of the microorganism to the cells of its host; this molecule constitutes the principal target of innate immune response and induces release of inflammatory mediators. Modifications of O antigen play an important role in the infection process, evasion of immune response of the host, and serotypification of Gram–negative bacteria. The objective of this review is to describe the mechanisms involved in the variability that the O antigen of LPS of Gram–negative bacteria presents.


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