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Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología

2009, Número 1-2

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Microbiología 2009; 51 (1-2)


Mecanismos involucrados en la variabilidad del antígeno O de bacterias Gram negativas

Reyes RE, Ramírez SH, Solís GC, Ortiz HM, Coria JR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 71
Paginas: 32-43
Archivo PDF: 333.28 Kb.


RESUMEN

El lipopolisacárido (LPS) es una estructura heterogénea de las bacterias Gram negativas, que permite al microorganismo adaptarse a su ambiente. Su heterogeneidad recae en la naturaleza, orden y unión de los diferentes azúcares que constituyen la cadena polisacárida del antígeno O en la modificación de estas moléculas de carbohidratos y en los cambios en la longitud de su cadena. La composición y la longitud de la cadena del antígeno O se asocia a la virulencia del microorganismo y esta característica varía entre cepas bacterianas y aún intracepa. Los cambios en la composición y estructura del LPS pueden originarse por variación de fase y por transferencia lateral de genes. La variabilidad del LPS afecta las propiedades de adhesión del microorganismo a la célula del huésped; esta molécula es el blanco principal de la respuesta inmune innata e induce la liberación de mediadores inflamatorios. Las modificaciones del antígeno O desempeñan un papel importante en los procesos de infección y evasión de la respuesta inmune del huésped y en la serotipificación de especies Gram negativas. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los mecanismos involucrados en la variabilidad que presenta el antígeno O del LPS de las bacterias Gram negativas.


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