Mendoza CA, Manzo CHA

Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 342-348
PDF size: 89.34 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective: This review is aimed at providing the general surgeon with information on the physiopathology of the compartment syndrome (CS), and the needed bases to reach a timely diagnosis and treatment. With this in mind, we reviewed the national and international medical literature.
Data collection: Information was obtained from diverse documents and from the internet (Medline).
Selection of studies: Thirty-two articles were selected, choosing those with the largest academic content.
Data extraction: Each of the selected studies was analyzed, identifying the data that could be included in each of the subheading of this review article.
Results: In 1881, Richard Von Volkman made the first description of the compartment syndrome with special interest due to its systemic and functional repercussions on the extremity. By means of fasciotomies, starting during the II World War, it has been possible to salvage extremities. The compartment syndrome is defined as: “elevation of the interstitial pressure, above the pressure of capillary perfusion, within a closed osteo-facial compartment, compromising the blood flow in the muscle and nerve, causing tissular damage”. The increase in interstitial pressure is attributed to diverse causes that decrease the compartment or increase its content; in the clinical practice, the lesions due to crushing, blunt trauma associated to fractures, ischemia and reperfusion of extremities secondary to arterial embolectomy, especially in patients with delay in the diagnosis, are conditioning factors for the development of CS.
Conclusion: Once the lesion mechanism has started, it is indispensable to identify the compartment syndrome and start promptly its surgical management, without forgetting its systemic repercussions that could compromise the life of the patient.

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