Méndez-González RM, Cervera-Montejano MD

Language: Spanish
References: 23
Page: 108-117
PDF size: 223.12 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective. To determine, from the perspective of the geography of the health, the spatial distribution of infant mortality and health services in indigenous municipalities (IM) in the state of Yucatan, Mexico, from 1990 to 2000, analyzing the space-temporal differences to detect zones that require high-priority attention.
Material and methods. The analysis unit was the municipality. IM was defined when more than 40% of the population five years or older, spoke an indigenous language. The Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) were calculated for each IM and stratified into three levels to facilitate the visualization of the territorial distribution (high, average and low). For the health services, presence of medical units were used according to the level of attention (1°, 2° and 3°), also the relation of number of physician/1,000 inhabitants was used. First, we applied cartographic analysis to each variable; second, we used it to relate variables the each other. Geographical Information System (GIS) was the tool for both cases.
Results. From 1990 to 2000, the number of indigenous municipalities decreased. IMR descended, but the proportion of IM with a high degree of IMR increased. In most IM first level medical units predominated; in 2000, the second level units in IM diminished. In both years, the majority of municipalities had less than one physician/1,000 inhabitants. The proportion of IM that counted on first level medical units and had a high degree of IMR increased from 1990 to 2000, as well as also those that had a high degree of IMR and less than one physician/1,000 inhabitants.
Commentaries. The GIS allowed to visualize and to analyze the variables in both space and time and to identify their relationship. Thus, it was possible to locate the southerm and eastern zones of Yucatan as the most deteriorated areas of the state.

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