Alonso PNC, Marcos CL, Reyes GU, Coria LJJ, Reyes HKL, Espinosa SMC, Vargas MME, Pérez PO, López CG

Language: Spanish
References: 15
Page: 178-185
PDF size: 205.90 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis a virus (HAV) is a virus with an icosahedral capsid, diameter of 25 nanometers without envelope, single- stranded ribonucleic acid genome, with one serotype, belonging to the Picornaviridae family; isolated in 1967 in Costa Rica. It is a common cause of hepatitis of viral origin, it is transmitted by fecalism and its incubation period is on average 30 days. Shedding of the virus via the faeces can occur up to 20 days after infection. Transmission is very high from the pre-icteric phase and up to two weeks after the onset of jaundice and malaise. Seven to nine out of ten people are infected through contaminated food, by the fecal-oral route, poor sanitation, ground-level fecalism, contaminated water, by people who work in daycare centers, or by people who work with food and vendors. Other less frequent transmission routes, are blood or blood products transfusion, shared use of syringes or certain sexual practices. The increase in cases of hepatitis of unknown origin forces us to review the precise indications, ages, contraindications and basic information of the specific hepatitis a vaccine, and even when it is not included in the national vaccination card, it is important as doctors of first contact indicate this vaccine.

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