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2024, Number 4

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2024; 44 (4)

Factors associated with surgical site infection: 30-year retrospective cohort study

Ochoa HE, Huertas JMA, González GR, Romero OMC, Ponce LRS, Macías HAE, De la Torre RA, Galindo FA

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 168-173
PDF size: 225.80 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background. Surgical site infections (SSIS) remain the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections in lowand middle-income countries and are associated with substandard infection prevention and control programs. The present study informs improvements in a Mexican hospital over a 30-year period.
Materials and methods. A record of SSI rates per 100 surgeries accompanied by a database of patients with SSIS has been kept since 1991. Factors associated with SSI rates were analyzed retrospectively.
Results. A total of 3 688 SSIS were identified among 68 627 surgical interventions (5.4%), especially in elective gastrointestinal surgeries. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated microorganism and carbapenems were used most frequently for treatment. Annual SSI rates per 100 surgeries varied widely across time, from a high of 8.6 in 1994, 2003 and 2006 to a low of 1.7 in 2021, but a progressive downward trend was noticeable. The annual number of surgeries was inversely associated with SSI rates; increases in clean wound infections (related to prosthetic SSIS) and clean/contaminated wound infections were associated with increases in SSI rates.
Conclusions. Contrary to the overall trend, prosthetic ssis have been on the rise and renewed efforts based on the essential preventive practices are needed to reverse this phenomenon.


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