Flores HS, Acosta CB, Rendón MME, Klünder KM, Gutiérrez TG

Language: Spanish
References: 24
Page: 63-78
PDF size: 268.52 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective: to know the prevalence of healthy or potentially unhealthy food intake in the population insured by the Mexican Institute of Social Security.
Material and methods: food intake was obtained from frequency questionnaires classified as healthy (HF) or potentially unhealthy food (PUF), and according to its nature and frequency consumption. The prevalences according to age groups were obtained for ‹1 year old and every five years until 19; then, they were recorded by decades, sex, location and place of residence, with or without coast.
Results: in the first year of age, the consumption of HF is low, and the intake of PUF starts, with industrialized juices and soft drinks. Between the first and the ninth year of age, the consumption of HF increases; however, the intake of PUF increases too; there is not a significant intake of red meat, eggs and fish. Throughout adolescence, HF intake and diversity increases, although PUF consumption is higher too. In adults and senior citizens, the kind of HF most frequently consumed were cereals and leguminous plants, but they barely ate fruits and vegetables. The HF of greatest consumption were those of animal origin, and the riskiest ones were very greasy daily products with saturated fat, as well as soft drinks. We found that the population living in the Pacific coast consumes more sea food than the one living in the Gulf coast. We also found that, as people get older, the intake of PUF decreases.
Conclusion: in the first years of life, the proper intake of meat, eggs and fish should be promoted, as well as the consumption of HF and the decrease of food with refined sugar, saturated fat or salt.

REFERENCES

1. Flores-Huerta S. Desnutrición energético proteínica.En: Gámes-Eternod J, Troconis-Trens G, editores. Introducción a la pediatría. México: Méndez Editores; 2006. p. 143-155.

2. Lobstain T, Baur L, Uauy R. Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. Assessment of obesity: which child is fat. Obes Rev 2004;(5 Suppl 1):10-15.

3. Bourges H, Casanueva E, Rosado JL. Recomendaciones de ingestión de nutrimentos para la población mexicana. Bases fisiológicas. México: Panamericana; 2005.

4. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on School Health. Soft drinks in schools. Pediatrics 2004;113(1):152-153.

5. Bowman SA, Gortmaker SL, Ebbeling CB, Pereira MA, Ludwing DS. Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a National Household Survey. Pediatrics 2004; 113(1):112-118.

6. Brownell KD. Fast food and obesity in children. Pediatrics 2004;113:132.

7. Secretaría de Salud. Proyecto de Norma oficial mexicana PROY-NOM-SSA2-043-2002, servicios básicos de salud. Promoción y educación para la salud en materia alimentaria. Criterios para brindar orientación. Diario Oficial de la Federación 2004; p. 36-54.

8. del Río-Navarro BE, Velázquez-Monroy O, Sánchez-Castillo CP, Lara-Esqueda A, Berber A, Fanghänel G, et al. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican children. Obes Res 2004;12 (2):215-223.

9. Flores-Huerta S, Martínez-Salgado H. Prácticas de alimentación, estado de nutrición y cuidados a la salud en niños menores de 2 años en México. México: IMSS; 2004.

10. Rivera-Dommarco J, Shamah-Levy T, Villalpando-Hernández S, González-de Cossio T, Hernández-Prado B, Sepúlveda J. Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición 1999. Estado Nutricio de niños y mujeres en México. Cuernavaca Morelos, México: INSP; 2001.

11. Olaiz G, Rojas R, Barquera S, Shamah-Levy T, Aguilar C, Cravioto P, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000. Tomo 2. La salud de los adultos. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México: INSP; 2003.

12. Vázquez-Martínez JL, Gómez-Dantés H, Fernández-Cantón S. Diabetes mellitus en población adulta del IMSS. Revista Médica IMSS 2006;44 (1):13-26.

13. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Programas Integrados de Salud. Síntesis Ejecutiva. Proyecto Estratégico 2001-2003. México: IMSS; 2001.

14. Gutiérrez G, Acosta B, Aranda A, Fernández I, Martínez G, Rendón E, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Coberturas 2004. México: IMSS; 2004.

15. WHO. Complementary feeding: report of the global consultation and summary of the guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breastfed child. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.

16. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity. Pediatrics 2003;112(2):424-430.

17. US Department of Health and Human Services. US Department of Agriculture Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005. Disponible en: www.healthierus. gov/dietaryguidelines

18. Harvard School of Public Health. Food pyramids. Disponible en:

19. Bourges RH, Casanueva E, Vidaurri DE, Kaufer HM, Morales LJ, Pérez LAB, et al. Pautas para la orientación alimentaria en México. México: Instituto Danone México; 2004.

20. WHO Working Group on the Growth Reference Protocol. Growth of healthy infants and the timing, type, and frequency of complementary foods. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:620-627. Disponible en: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/76/3/620.pdf

21. Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children:a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75:1062-71.

22. Gidding SS, Dennison BA, Birch LL, Daniels SR, Gilman MW, Lichtenstein AH, et al. Recommendations for Children and Adolescents. A Guide for Practitioners. Consensus Statement From the American Heart Association. Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation. 2005;112:2061-2075.

23. Chu NF, Rimm EB, Wang DJ, Liou HS, Shieh SM. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese schoolchildren: the Taipei Children Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:1141-1146.

24. Wing RR, Goldstein MG, Acton KJ, Birch LL, Jakicic JM, Sallis JF, et al. Behavioral science research in diabetes. Lifestyle changes related to obesity, eating behavior, and physical activity. Diabetes Care 2001;24:117-123.