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Medicina & Laboratorio

2014, Número 07-08

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2014; 20 (07-08)


Nuevas aproximaciones para la comprensión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Castro-Álvarez JF, Cardona-Gómez GP

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 108
Paginas: 337-355
Archivo PDF: 508.89 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad de Alzheimer es la causa de demencia senil más común en el mundo. Los marcadores histopatológicos asociados a la enfermedad son la acumulación extracelular de los péptidos β-amiloides y la intracelular de la proteína tau hiperfosforilada. La fosforilación de la proteína tau es regulada por múltiples quinasas y fosfatasas, y del equilibrio entre éstas depende su adecuada función o su agregación. La quinasa dependiente de ciclina 5 es una de las principales quinasas implicadas en la fosforilación de la proteína tau; tiene una acción directa sobre diversos residuos y participa en la regulación de diferentes sustratos para el funcionamiento correcto de la neurona; sin embargo, en condiciones alteradas puede desencadenar la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Así mismo, alteraciones que lleven a la agregación de proteínas o fallas en las vías de degradación de éstas en la célula, como el sistema ubicuitina-proteasoma y la autofagia, pueden facilitar el desarrollo de la enfermedad. La búsqueda de estrategias terapéuticas eficaces para los pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer debe intentar unificar los mecanismos patogénicos de la enfermedad desde la complejidad que representa un proceso crónico y multifactorial.


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