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Medicina & Laboratorio

2014, Número 07-08

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2014; 20 (07-08)


Virus chikunguña: un nuevo reto para la salud en Colombia

Hernández-Castro C, Tangarife-Castaño V, Campuzano-Maya G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 129
Paginas: 311-336
Archivo PDF: 1180.82 Kb.


RESUMEN

El virus chikunguña ha llamado la atención mundial debido a su reciente reemergencia, la cual ha provocado considerable morbilidad y sufrimiento. Este virus ha causado importantes epidemias en Asia, África y Europa y, desde finales de 2013, se encuentra presente en las Américas. Debido a que los mosquitos del género Aedes, vectores de la enfermedad, se encuentran ampliamente distribuidos en el continente americano, existe un alto riesgo de introducción, invasión y diseminación del virus chikunguña por toda la región de Suramérica. Actualmente no existe vacuna ni tratamiento antiviral para la infección por chikunguña y su presentación clínica suele confundirse con la producida por el virus dengue, principalmente en las zonas tropicales y subtropicales donde éste último es frecuente; sin embargo, es de vital importancia realizar el diagnóstico diferencial entre ambas entidades para garantizar un manejo clínico adecuado. En esta revisión se realiza un abordaje general del virus chikunguña, desde la epidemiología, el agente causal, los vectores, los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad, el diagnóstico clínico y por laboratorio, y la vigilancia epidemiológica; información importante para la preparación y la respuesta ante la eventual aparición de casos de chikunguña en nuestra población, como se espera suceda en un futuro cercano.


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