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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2020, Número S1

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2020; 88 (S1)


Anticoncepción oral libre de estrógenos

Celis-González C, Palacios S, Durand-Carbajal M, Antonio-Regidor P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 31
Paginas: 1-12
Archivo PDF: 244.53 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: Las píldoras de solo progestágeno, tradicionalmente se han asociado con un control del ciclo insuficiente, reglas estrictas para la ingesta y con indicación exclusiva para las mujeres con contraindicaciones para los estrógenos.
Objetivo: Revisar la evolución de los anticonceptivos de solo progestágeno en relación con su formulación, limitaciones e indicaciones.
Método: Búsqueda en las bases de PubMed de artículos originales publicados entre 1980 y 2019 con los MeSH: Estrogen-free oral hormonal contraception; Progestogenonly contraceptives; antimineralocorticoide estrogen; Drospirenone.
Resultados: Se encontraron 65 artículos y se descartaron 34 por limitaciones en la metodología, poblaciones de estudio limitadas, o no representativas.
Conclusiones: Los anticonceptivos con solo progestágeno, que contienen levonorgestrel, acetato de noretisterona o desogestrel, tradicionalmente se han asociado con reglas estrictas de horario para su ingesta y un patrón de sangrado subóptimo. La drospirenona es un progestágeno y anticonceptivo libre de estrógeno en dosis de 4 mg en un régimen 24/4. La molécula tiene propiedades antigonadotrópicas, antimineralocorticoides, antiestrogénicas y antiandrogénicas. Los estudios clínicos han demostrado eficacia comparable a los anticonceptivos orales combinados, una tasa nula de efectos secundarios cardiovasculares, en particular eventos tromboembólicos y un patrón de sangrado favorable.


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