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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2020, Número S1

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2020; 88 (S1)


Anticonceptivos orales combinados

Vásquez-Awad D, Ospino AM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 79
Paginas: 13-31
Archivo PDF: 321.95 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los anticonceptivos orales combinados son los fármacos más prescritos y consumidos en todo el mundo. La primera píldora anticonceptiva hormonal combinada se aprobó en 1960 y desde su introducción al mercado han sucedido considerables cambios en su composición, principalmente asociados con el tipo y la dosis de estrógenos y progestinas. Los anticonceptivos orales combinados se clasifican de acuerdo con la concentración de estrógenos y progestinas (monofásicos, bifásicos o trifásicos). Las progestinas más prescritas incluyen: levonorgestrel, acetato de ciproterona, drospirenona, dienogest, clormadinona y acetato de nomegestrol. Los anticonceptivos orales combinados pueden prescribirse a cualquier paciente que busque un método de anticoncepción reversible. Debe considerarse que los anticonceptivos orales combinados no protegen de las enfermedades de trasmisión sexual. Entre los beneficios de los anticonceptivos orales combinados están: regulación del ciclo menstrual; disminución del sangrado menstrual, de la dismenorrea, de los síntomas premenstruales severos y del desorden disfórico premenstrual. Incrementan la densidad mineral ósea, particularmente en los últimos años de la vida reproductiva; disminución de los síntomas perimenopáusicos; control del acné, disminución del hirsutismo, del riesgo de neoplasias benignas de la mama, sobre todo de fibromas mamarios; reducción de la incidencia de salpingitis, del origen de endometriomas relacionados con endometriosis; bajo riesgo de cáncer endometrial y de ovario, y disminución del riesgo de carcinoma colorrectal. Los efectos secundarios de los anticonceptivos orales combinados son comunes en los primeros tres meses de tratamiento; sin embargo, desaparecen espontáneamente.


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