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2016, Número 2

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Ortho-tips 2016; 12 (2)


Lesiones condrales de la rodilla del deportista

Busto VJM, Acuña TM, Vargas SG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 44
Paginas: 77-87
Archivo PDF: 189.10 Kb.


RESUMEN

La actividad física deportiva es considerada buena para la salud, aunque puede ser causa de osteoartritis temprana. La osteoartritis de rodilla y tobillo en general son las más frecuentes y pueden originarse por el número alto de lesiones intraarticulares o por sobrecarga de la articulación. La capacidad para modificar el curso en sus fases tempranas depende de la modificación de los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos (entrenamiento, equipo, carga de trabajo etc.). Esto es importante en el cuidado de las lesiones, aún más en deportistas profesionales. Se debe proteger la integridad de los ligamentos, meniscos y cartílago y regresar a la actividad deportiva de forma gradual y segura. Cuando se detecta una lesión en alguna de estas estructuras, se debe evaluar de forma correcta y oportuna con el fin de establecer un tratamiento, ya sea conservador o quirúrgico. En las lesiones de cartílago cada día se abren más opciones que podrían llevar a una reparación casi perfecta. Sin embargo, el costo-beneficio y el tiempo invertido han sido siempre una limitación, en especial en los atletas de alto rendimiento, no sólo en México sino en el mundo. La tendencia a la prevención de lesiones o el tratamiento correcto, pensado en la salud del deportista a largo plazo, ha sido determinante para un mejor manejo quirúrgico. El propósito de este estudio es describir la importancia de las lesiones de cartílago en la rodilla y las opciones de diagnóstico y tratamiento clásicas y las más actuales.


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