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2015, Número 1

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Rev Mex Anest 2015; 38 (1)


Ayuno perioperatorio

Carrillo-Esper R, Espinoza de los Monteros-Estrada I, Soto-Reyna U

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 63
Paginas: 27-34
Archivo PDF: 234.03 Kb.


RESUMEN

Durante los procedimientos anestésicos, en especial de la anestesia general, se pierden los reflejos protectores de la vía aérea y se incrementa el riesgo de broncoaspiración. Por lo anterior, es práctica frecuente el indicar ayuno en el preoperatorio de hasta más de ocho horas. Sin embargo, la evidencia científica ha demostrado que el ayuno perioperatorio se debe de ajustar acorde con las características del enfermo y del procedimiento quirúrgico. Los factores de riesgo que favorecen la broncoaspiración en el perioperatorio son la anestesia general, el embarazo, la cirugía ambulatoria, la edad avanzada, la obesidad y los trastornos digestivos previos, en especial el reflujo gastroesofágico. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los conceptos actuales relacionados con el ayuno perioperatorio, enfatizando los de las guías de práctica clínica actuales.


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