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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2014, Número 5

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Med Int Mex 2014; 30 (5)


La metformina y sus aplicaciones actuales en la clínica

Castro-Martínez MG, Castillo-Anaya V, Ochoa-Aguilar A, Godínez-Gutiérrez SA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 72
Paginas: 562-574
Archivo PDF: 526.32 Kb.


RESUMEN

La metformina comenzó a utilizarse en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en 1957 en Europa y en 1995 en Estados Unidos. Actualmente es el antihiperglucemiante oral recetado con más frecuencia en todo el mundo. En 1998 el Estudio Prospectivo de Diabetes del Reino Unido (UKPDS) demostró los efectos antiaterogénicos de la metformina y más tarde se descubrió que reducía muchos componentes del síndrome de resistencia a la insulina (síndrome metabólico). El Programa de Prevención de Diabetes demostró el potencial de la metformina en la prevención de la diabetes. Su eficacia, seguridad, múltiples beneficios cardiovasculares y metabólicos y la capacidad de poder prescribirse en combinación con todos los demás fármacos antidiabéticos, incluida la insulina, han convertido a la metformina en el fármaco oral de primera línea para el tratamiento de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En los últimos años ha surgido evidencia del papel de la metformina en pacientes con VIH y diabetes, hígado graso, así como en no diabéticos, principalmente en sujetos con síndrome metabólico, con intolerancia a la glucosa y mujeres que buscan embarazarse y padecen síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Su papel en la prevención y tratamiento del cáncer podría ser otra línea de investigación de la metformina en el futuro. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar acerca de las nuevas directrices de este fármaco.


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