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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2014, Número 4

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2014; 15 (4)


Relación entre la infección viral, citoquinas y trastornos del neurodesarrollo

Dzib-Goodin A, Sanders L

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 77
Paginas: 218-223
Archivo PDF: 107.82 Kb.


RESUMEN

Diversas investigaciones indican una asociación entre las infecciones virales peri y posnatales y los trastornos del neurodesarrollo, mismos que se manifiestan con distinta intensidad dependiendo del momento en que la infección fue adquirida, la intensidad del ataque y la respuesta del sistema inmunológico ante el huésped. Estudios realizados con modelos animales indican que las infecciones sistémicas o la activación de las respuesta inmunológicas pueden producir cambios en la función cerebral; estos cambios pueden afectar la estructura y función del sistema nervioso central por lo que la literatura sugiere que las alteraciones inmunitarias, especialmente la respuesta inflamatoria natural, deben ser consideradas al momento de realizar diagnósticos a niños con trastornos en el neurodesarrollo, especialmente si muestran factores de riesgo. Los virus que se han documentado con mayor énfasis son el HHV-1 y HHV-6 de la familia de los herpes virus, los enterovirus entre los que se encuentran la poliomielitis y el enterovirus 71 y, por supuesto, el VIH, mientras que el menos documentado es el parechovirus humano, mismos que producen una respuesta por parte del sistema inmunológico capaz de alterar el funcionamiento cerebral a corto, mediano o largo plazo, por su parte el virus de la enfermedad de Borna ha sido empleado en modelos animales. El presente artículo se centra específicamente en aquellas infecciones producidas por agentes virales, siendo una revisión sistemática de la literatura en el área de la neurovirología que busca describir la relación entre la presencia de un virus, la consecuente expresión de las citoquinas pro y antiinflamatorias y el impacto en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central, relación que algunos apuntan como causante de distintas alteraciones en área de la salud mental.


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