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Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología

2005, Número 3-4

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Microbiología 2005; 47 (3-4)


La fase estacionaria en la bacteria Escherichia coli

Ramírez SJ, Contreras FG, Gómez EMC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 92-101
Archivo PDF: 104.98 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las bacterias que no esporulan, como Escherichia coli, entran a una fase de crecimiento nulo, o fase estacionaria, al agotarse los nutrimentos en el medio. En esta fase disminuye el volumen celular y la forma se redondea, se engrosa la pared, disminuye el número de flagelos y se incrementa la resistencia celular a condiciones adversas. El metabolismo se reorganiza, se acumulan compuestos de reserva y osmoprotección y aumenta la degradación de macromoléculas. El DNA en el nucleoide se compacta y disminuye su metabolismo. La expresión de los genes necesarios para el crecimiento disminuye y aumenta la de aquéllos relacionados con la viabilidad celular durante el ayuno. La regulación de los genes de la fase estacionaria depende principalmente del factor transcripcional ss (RpoS). Las células en fase estacionaria muestran además una gran heterogeneidad en propiedades como viabilidad, genotipo y mutabilidad. La aparición de subpoblaciones de mutantes capaces de utilizar nutrimentos escasos sugiere la existencia de estrategias para la supervivencia durante ayunos prolongados. En esta revisión se presentan las principales características de las células de Escherichia coli en la fase estacionaria, así como del sistema global de regulación genética que determina la mayor parte de estas características.


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