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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2009, Número 4

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2009; 10 (4)


Modelos experimentales de neurodegeneración: Tratamiento restaurativo y factor de crecimiento nervioso

Lorigados PL, Pavón FN, Serrano ST, Blanco LL, Almaguer MW, Fernández VI, Macías GR, de la Cuétara BK, Castillo DL, Martínez ML, Robinson AMA, Bergado RJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 264-273
Archivo PDF: 252.55 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivos: Evaluar el contenido del NGF en tres modelos experimentales: hemiparkinsonismo, lesión estriatal y envejecimiento con déficit cognitivo en ratas y en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), Parkinson (EP) y Huntington (EH). Conocer el efecto que sobre los niveles de NGF tienen el trasplante y la terapia trófica, aplicadas en diferentes paradigmas de neurodegeneración. Material y métodos: El contenido del NGF en suero y en tejido nervioso fue medido por un ensayo inmunoenzimático y cada modelo experimental fue analizado conductualmente (prueba de la rotación inducida por D anfetamina, laberinto acuático de Morris). En los diferentes modelos experimentales fue evaluada además, la afectación que produce en el contenido de NGF la aplicación de técnicas neurorrestaurativas como el trasplante neural y la terapia neurotrófica intracerebroventricular. Resultados: Se evidenció la disminución en el contenido del NGF en pacientes con EP (p ‹ 0.01) y EH (p ‹ 0.01), siendo para la EP, menores en los estadios iniciales (p ‹ 0.01) y normales en etapas avanzadas de la EP. Se comprobó que estos cambios no dependen del tratamiento antiparkinsoniano. De igual forma se observó un decremento de los niveles de NGF en todos los modelos experimentales estudiados y un incremento (p ‹ 0.05) del NGF en el trasplante simultáneo en dos núcleos (estriado y núcleo subtalámico) en el modelo de 6 OHDA, así como en la lesión estriatal donde se observó un efecto protector del NGF en aquellas ratas tratadas dos días antes de la lesión (p ‹ 0.05). La terapia restaurativa en el modelo de déficit cognitivo en ratas envejecidas mostró que la combinación del trasplante con la infusión intracerebral de NGF provocó un aumento en los niveles de NGF (p ‹ 0.001). Conclusión: Existen alteraciones en los niveles de NGF en la EP y EH y están disminuidos en los modelos experimentales de neurodegeneración evaluados, los cuales se modifican por el uso de técnicas neurorrestaurativas, especialmente en el caso en que se aplica de forma combinada el trasplante y la terapia trófica.


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