Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Morales-Montor J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 298-305
Archivo PDF: 116.77 Kb.

RESUMEN

Durante la gestación, el sistema endocrino de los mamíferos tiene un papel protagónico, caracterizado por los incrementos de diversas hormonas, tales como la progesterona, el estradiol y algunas hormonas gonadotrópicas. Adicionalmente, el sistema inmunológico también participa durante el embarazo autorregulándose para evitar el rechazo del feto. El tipo de inmunidad típica durante la gestación es la inmunidad del tipo humoral; caracterizada por un aumento en los niveles séricos de interleucina (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, así como una disminución en los niveles de IL-2, INF-γ, y TNF-α. Cabe resaltar que los esteroides sexuales y factores asociados a éstos pueden regular a dicha respuesta inmunológica durante esta etapa. De esta manera, los factores endocrinos e inmunológicos, asociados al embarazo, poseen una repercusión en el desarrollo de la susceptibilidad o resistencia a una enfermedad infecciosa, en muchos de los casos propiciada por un parásito. Los mecanismos propuestos aquí para explicar esta resistencia o susceptibilidad son los siguientes: 1) los esteroides sexuales influyendo en el sistema inmunológico del hospedero (por medio de receptores nucleares específicos principalmente); 2) dichas hormonas actuando directamente sobre el parásito, impidiendo o promoviendo su reproducción o 3) que ocurra al mismo tiempo ambos efectos, en el escenario de una compleja red de interacciones inmunoendocrina hospedero-parásito mediada por receptores hormonales, citocinas, anticuerpos etc., mismos que interactúan de manera directa y bidireccional afectando decisivamente el curso de la infección. El objetivo de esta revisión es discutir la información bibliográfica más reciente acerca de las infecciones parasitarias con mayor recurrencia durante la gestación, proponiendo los mecanismos moleculares implicados en el establecimiento, crecimiento, reproducción o eliminación del parásito.

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