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2012, Número 2

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Rev Mex Anest 2012; 35 (2)


Náusea y vómito postoperatorio

Carrillo-Esper R, Espinoza de los Monteros-Estrada I, Nava-López JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 37
Paginas: 122-131
Archivo PDF: 103.49 Kb.


RESUMEN

La náusea y el vómito postoperatorio (NVPO) son una complicación frecuente en la práctica de la anestesiología. Su prevalencia es del 30% en general, pero puede incrementarse hasta el 70% en pacientes de alto riesgo. La náusea y el vómito posterior al alta (NVPA) son una entidad que está cobrando notoriedad por su elevada prevalencia en enfermos sometidos a cirugía ambulatoria y por su relación con el incremento en la tasa de reinternamientos y costos de atención. En los últimos años se han presentado grandes avances en el tratamiento de la NVPO, debido al abordaje multidisciplinario y al empleo racional de medicamentos antieméticos. Los antagonistas de los receptores tipo 3 de 5-hidroxitriptamina son en la actualidad el pilar de la terapia antiemética; sin embargo, existen otros abordajes terapéuticos como los antagonistas de neurocinina-1, los antagonistas de receptores de serotonina de acción prolongada y el tratamiento multimodal. La prevención, el tratamiento y la evaluación oportuna de la NVPO y de la NVPA mejoran la evolución de los pacientes y elevan la calidad y seguridad de la práctica de la anestesiología.


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