2022, Número 1
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Rev Odotopediatr Latinoam 2022; 12 (1)
Alteraciones sistémicas asociadas a Hipomineralización Molar Incisivo (HMI). Una revisión de literatura
García BNA, Torres RMR, Ramírez MGA, Aguirre EGA
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 330.08 Kb.
RESUMEN
El estudio de hipomineralización en molares e incisivos fue descrito por primera vez en el año 1970, posteriormente en 2001 el término Hipomineralización Molar Incisivo (HMI) fue sugerido por la Academia Europea de Odontología Pediátrica (EAPD) para referirse a este como un defecto específico del desarrollo del esmalte; ya para el año 2003 se estandarizaron los criterios de diagnóstico clínico. La HMI es un defecto del esmalte dentario ampliamente estudiado, sin embargo, hasta la fecha los factores de riesgo no son concluyentes, pero se considera de origen sistémico y multifactorial. Las implicaciones sistémicas pueden acontecer en periodos específicos (pre, peri y posnatal) considerados periodos importantes y críticos en el desarrollo de la vida humana.
Objetivo: aportar la mejor evidencia científica disponible sobre los factores sistémicos asociados a la Hipomineralización Molar Incisivo.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada seleccionando estudios primarios en bases de datos electrónicas: Pub Med, biblioteca Cochrane e Hinari a través de la pregunta PICO.
Resultados: 115 estudios fueron identificados a través de la búsqueda electrónica de estos solo 18 fueron elegibles según los criterios de inclusión.
Conclusiones: Son múltiples los posibles factores sistémicos asociados con HMI, entre ellos resaltan complicaciones en el embarazo como: fiebres altas, hipertensión arterial, diabetes gestacional, procesos infecciosos, uso frecuente de antibióticos y desnutrición, así como parto prematuro, bajo peso al nacer y las enfermedades respiratorias, fiebre y otitis en los primeros años de vida del niño.
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