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2020, Número 3

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2020; 40 (3)


Vacuna tetravalente de influenza en los programas nacionales de inmunización para los países de América Latina

Macías HAE, Solórzano SF, Aguilar VHM, Ávila AML, Bazzino RF, Junqueira BNC, Bonvehí PE, Brea CJ, Castro LH, Allan SDCM, García GMDL, Londoño TD, López LP, Ponce de LRS, Cervantes PPG, Suárez OLAN, Ruiz-Palacios y Santos GM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 92-99
Archivo PDF: 216.19 Kb.


RESUMEN

Desde la temporada de influenza 2012-2013, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda la formulación de vacunas tetravalentes. En muchos países estas vacunas ya están incluidas en sus programas nacionales de inmunización, pero en América Latina sólo se hace en un número reducido.
Cocirculan dos linajes de influenza b, y su comportamiento epidemiológico es impredecible. En promedio representan 22.6% de los casos de influenza y más de 50% en temporadas predominantes. La falta de concordancia entre cepas recomendadas y circulantes fue de 25 y 32% en las temporadas 2010-2017 y 2000-2013, respectivamente.
No existen diferencias clínicas entre influenza a y b. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia entre cinco a 19 años. La influenza b tiene una proporción mayor de muertes atribuibles que la influenza a (1.1 vs. 0.4%), OR 2.65 (IC 95% 1.18-5.94). Se da un mayor número de hospitalizaciones cuando las cepas no concuerdan (46.3 vs. 28.5%; p ‹.0001). Diferentes evaluaciones han demostrado su costo-efectividad. La compilación de esta información apoya el uso de vacunas tetravalentes en los países latinoamericanos.


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