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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2020, Number S1

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2020; 88 (S1)

Combined oral contraceptives

Vásquez-Awad D, Ospino AM

Language: Spanish
References: 79
Page: 13-31
PDF size: 321.95 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Combined oral contraceptives are the most prescribed and consumed drugs in the world. The first combined hormonal contraceptive pill was released in 1960 and since its introduction into the market there have been considerable changes in its composition, mainly associated with the type and dose of estrogens and progestins. Combined oral contraceptives are classified according to the concentration of estrogens and progestins (monophasic, biphasic or triphasic). The most prescribed progestins include: levonorgestrel, cyproterone acetate, drospirenone, dienogest, chlormadinone, and nomegestrol acetate. Combined oral contraceptives can be prescribed to any patient seeking a method of reversible contraception. It should be considered that combined oral contraceptives do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Among the benefits of combined oral contraceptives are: regulation of the menstrual cycle; decrease of menstrual bleeding, of dysmenorrhea, of severe premenstrual symptoms and of premenstrual dysphoric disorder; increase in bone mineral density, particularly in the last years of reproductive life; decrease in perimenopausal symptoms; acne control; decreased hirsutism and risk of benign breast neoplasms, especially breast fibroids; reduction of the incidence of salpingitis, of the origin of endometriomas related to endometriosis; low risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer, and decreased risk of colorectal carcinoma. Side effects of combined oral contraceptives are common in the first months of treatment; however, they disappear spontaneously.


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