medigraphic.com
Anales de la Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología y Archivos de la Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México

2019, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Oftalmol 2019; 93 (4)

Relationship between sociodemographic and clinical factors with visual impairment in patients attended at two ophthalmological institutions of the city of Medellín during 2015

Cabrales-López AJ, Isaza-Arias JA, Quintero-Gutiérrez L, Ramírez-Rodríguez C, Serna-Loaiza V, Aguilar Y, Suárez-Escudero JC

Language: Spanish
References: 25
Page: 185-193
PDF size: 136.89 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Visual impairment represents a significant challenge on quality of life, generating an increase in the years of life adjusted for disability. Awareness on the associated risk factors allows taking actions to benefit this population, since most causes are preventable, and limitations and restrictions on functioning can be improved with an early diagnosis and functional-comprehensive rehabilitation; it is important to know the social and clinical risks to which this population is exposed. Objective: To determine the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical factors with visual impairment in patients treated at two ophthalmological institutions in Medellín during 2015. Methodology: Cross-sectional, analytical study in a population of 180 patients with some degree of permanent visual impairment, attended at two specialized institutions. Results: In the group of patients with visual impairment, the average age was close to 50 years and the following characteristics predominated: female sex (55.6%), low level of education (50.9%), unemployment (67.9%), alcohol (23.6%), tobacco (15%) and psychoactive substance (4.71%) use; 67.9% had at least one ocular and non-ocular comorbidity, especially diabetes mellitus (7.5%) and arterial hypertension (33.9%). Conclusion: In patients with visual impairment, higher percentages of the mentioned variables were observed compared to patients with visual deficiency but without criteria for visual impairment, suggesting a relationship between these with disability, either as a risk factor or as an outcome. Thus, more studies with a larger population are needed to evaluate statistical significance.


REFERENCES

  1. Who.int [Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; 2014 [actualizado 16 de enero de 2018; citado 22 de junio de 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/es/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health.

  2. García Ramos CE. Guía de atención educativa para estudiantes con discapacidad visual. [Internet]. Aguascalientes: Instituto de Educación de Aguascalientes; 2012 [Citado 22 de junio de 2018]. Disponible en: http:// www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/histologia/normas-vancouver-buma- 2013-guia-breve.pdf.

  3. OMS, Banco Mundial. Informe Mundial sobre la Discapacidad [Internet]. Malta: OMS, BM; 2011. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/disabilities/ world_report/2011/summary_es.pdf.

  4. Stevens GA, White RA, Flaxman SR, Price H, Jonas JB, Keeffe J, et al. Global prevalence of vision impairment and blindness: Magnitude and temporal trends, 1990-2010. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(12):2377–84.

  5. Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, Cicinelli MV, Das A, Jonas JB, et al. Vision Loss Expert Group. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017; 5 (9): e888-e897.

  6. Who.int [Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; agosto de 2014 [actualizado 11 octubre de 2018; citado junio 26 de 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/es/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment.

  7. Who.int [Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; agosto de 2014 [citado junio 26 de 2018]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/blindness/es/.

  8. Rojas S, Ruíz S, Carvajal J, Álvarez MJ, Duque D, Correa SA, et al. Caracterización de una población con discapacidad visual (baja visión y ceguera) atendida en dos Instituciones Prestadoras de Salud de Medellín. Med U.P.B. 2015;34(1):30-9.

  9. Beltran JC, González C; Fundación Saldarriaga Concha, Colombia Líder. Discapacidad en Colombia: Reto para la Inclusión en Capital Humano. [Internet]. Tomo I. Bogotá: Fundación Saldarriaga Concha; abril 2010 [citado julio 1 de 2018]. Disponible en: https://www.saldarriagaconcha. org/desarrollo_fsc/images/fsc/pdf/biblioteca_virtual/discapacidad/estadisticas_ e_investigaciones/05_tomo_1_exclusion_DEPTAL_CH.pdf.

  10. Park SH, Lee JS, Heo H, Suh YW, Kim SH, Lim KH, et al. Epidemiologic Survey Committee in the Korean Ophthalmological Society. A nationwide population-based study of low vision and blindness in South Korea. InvestOphthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 De;56(1):484-93.

  11. Zhang X, Kahende J, Fan AZ, Barker L, Thompson TJ, Mokdad AH, Li Y, Saaddine JB. Smoking and visual impairment among older adults with age-related eye diseases. Prev Chronic Dis. 2011;8(4):A84.

  12. Velazco V. Discapacidad y Salud. El consumo de drogas y sus secuelas [Internet]. Argentina, enero 2011 [citado julio 3 2018]. Disponible en: http://discapacidadrosario.blogspot.com/2011/01/el-consumo-de-drogasy- sus-secuelas.html.

  13. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Neurociencia del consumo y dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas. Ginebra. p. 23. [citado julio 3 de 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/ en/Neuroscience_S.pdf.

  14. Bourne R, Price H, Taylor H, Leasher J, Keeffe J, Glanville J, et al. New systematic review methodology for visual impairment and blindness for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013;20(1):33-9.

  15. Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, Cicinelli MV, Das A, Jonas JB, et al. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(9):e888-97.

  16. Olusanya B, Onoja G, Ibraheem W, Bekibele C. Profile of patients presenting at a low vision clinic in a developing country. BMC Ophthalmol. 2012;30:12:31.

  17. Mohidin N, Yusoff S. Profile of a low vision clinic population. Clin Exp Optom. 1998;81(5):198-202.

  18. Kim JH, Joo KS, Moon NJ. Characteristics of 681 low vision patients in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2010;25(8):1217-21.

  19. Paudel P, Khadka J, Sharma AK. Profile of a low vision population. Int Congr Ser. 2005;1282:252-6.

  20. Khan SA. A retrospective study of low-vision cases in an Indian tertiary eye-care hospital. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2000;48(3):201-7.

  21. Discapacidad visual y ceguera en el adulto: Revisión de tema. Juan Camilo Suárez Escudero. MEDICINA U.P.B. 2011;30(2):170-80.

  22. Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, Cicinelli MV, Das A, Jonas JB, et al. Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(9):e888-97.

  23. UNESCO. Informe de la salud visual en Suramérica 2008: cátedra Unesco Salud Visual y Desarrollo. Madrid: Unesco; 2008.

  24. Roselló Leyva A, Rodríguez Masó S, Rojas Rondón I, Linares Guerra M, Ramos Gómez EA, Vázquez Adan Yanis. Defectos refractivos más frecuentes que causan baja visión. Rev Cubana Oftalmol. 2011;24(2):271-8.

  25. Gallego PH, Craig ME, Hing S, Donaghue KC. Role of blood pressure in development of early retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2008;26;337:a918.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com