Viedma I

Language: English
References: 70
Page: 2101-2107
PDF size: 382.92 Kb.

ABSTRACT

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), along with the Cas endonuclease genes, form the CRISPR/Cas system. These systems were discovered as a defense mechanism in the Bacteria and Archaea domains, in which DNA from a pathogen, such as a bacteriophage, is incorporated between repeated palindromic sequences and later transcribed into an RNA known as crRNA. Upon subsequent infection s with the same pathogen, the crRNA coupled with Cas targets the transcribed foreign RNA sequences and silences them. The endonucleolytic activity and sequence specificity of the CRISPR/Cas system have been harnessed in genetic engineering to activate or repress genes, to induce point mutations, and to alter sequences through homologous recombination. CRISPR/Cas has also been used to evaluate cellular physiology through the simultaneous activation or repression of various genes. In this article, it is reviewed the history and mechanism of action of the CRISPR-Cas system, its potential applications in cell and gene therapy, and the bioethical implications of the latter.

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