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2018, Número 2

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Biotecnol Apl 2018; 35 (2)


Presente y futuro de los Sistemas CRISPR/Cas en Biotecnología

Viedma I

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 2101-2107
Archivo PDF: 382.92 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las secuencias CRISPR (Repeticiones Palindrómicas Cortas y Regularmente Espaciadas y Agrupadas) junto con los genes que codifican para las endonucleasas Cas, forman los llamados sistemas CRISPR/Cas. Los CRISPR se descubrieron como un sistema presente en los Dominios Bacteria y Archaea que les confiere inmunidad frente a patógenos. Cuando un organismo patógeno infecta a una bacteria ocurre una inserción, en las agrupaciones CRISPR del hospedero, de nuevos espaciadores procedentes del genoma del virus y esta integración confiere inmunidad específica frente al invasor. Gracias a su capacidad de reconocimiento de secuencias específicas y a su actividad endonucleasa, el sistema CRISPR/Cas se ha utilizado en ingeniería genética con el fin de activar o reprimir la expresión de determinados genes. Este artículo recoge la situación actual de estas técnicas, las opciones de futuro que ofrecen y la valoración desde el punto de vista de la bioética de las posibles aplicaciones terapéuticas.


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