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2016, Number 3

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Arch Inv Mat Inf 2016; 8 (3)

Risk factors of brain injury in preterm infants

Monroy RAE, García RJF, Valdés LA

Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 89-95
PDF size: 102.51 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: The lesion in the white matter is considered as a brain injury. It encompasses intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular hemorrhagic infarction, periventricular leukomalacia and posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly. It is one of the most frequent complications in the preterm newborn, increasing its incidence inversely in relation to gestational age and birth weight. Objective: To know the risk factors of brain injury in patients from the Hospital for the Child’s Neonatal Service at the Maternal and Child Institute of the State of Mexico during the period January 2012 to December 2014. Methodology: Retrospective, observational, transverse, descriptive, and explanatory study. Prenatal risk factors (maturation pattern, preeclampsia, maternal infection, use of indomethacin), neonatal (Apgar, birth weight, birth route, gestational age, surfactant use), laboratories (platelets, coagulation times, central glucose (respiratory distress syndrome, barotrauma, persistent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis) and treatment (FiO2 for 10 days, administration of oxygen, administration of amines and ovulation), were analyzed. Results: 25 cases were collected in this study, resulting in a prevalence of 2.2% in the presentation of encephalic lesion in three years covered by the study; of which 52% (n = 13) were intraventricular hemorrhage and 48% (n = 12) leucomalacia. With respect to the risk factors that were most associated for this neurological pathology was prematurity in 60% (n = 15); however, with no relation to weight for gestational age, since 72% (n = 18) was within the 50th percentile for their age; within the prenatal factors, the presence of maternal infections was more associated with 52% (n = 13); and in relation to the treatment the correlation with the administration of supplemental oxygen in phase II and III in 64%. Conclusions: Preterm infants are at higher risk for brain injury, including intraventricular hemorrhage in greater numbers; they still observed other risk factors associated with such neurological pathology.


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