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2017, Number 1

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Residente 2017; 12 (1)

Geriatric aspects in hematological malignancies

Martínez-Acosta G, Rubio-Anguiano BL, López-Salvio YM, Guillen-Rivera SL, Nava-Zavala AH, Rubio-Jurado B

Language: Spanish
References: 75
Page: 4-17
PDF size: 283.10 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization defines the older adult as the one who passes 60 years of age, this age group is growing. This trend in epidemiology is related to the improvement in quality of life, the quality of health care and public health policies. One of the care needs of this group is the high prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases, including cancer. The National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 reports the frequency of cancer in 3.6% among the first six chronic-degenerative diseases, this frequency is directly proportional to age, therefore aging is a primary risk factor, in addition to others. In Mexico 50% of the neoplasias are diagnosed in people older than 60 years, 18% correspond to hematological malignancies. It is of interest to know the biology of aging and the changes in the mechanisms related to the appearance of chronic-degenerative diseases. The biological mechanisms related to aging are the accumulation of free radicals, cell senescence, stem cell biology and hematological malignancies. This is an age group of gradual growth that reflects the best life expectancy, quality of care and actions of health policies. Cancer occurs most commonly in association with age. The most frequent hematological neoplasias in the elderly are lymphomas, myeloblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma, antineoplastic treatment should achieve a therapeutic benefit by reducing toxicity and improving the quality of life with attention to the main symptoms. The primary challenge in the geriatric approach is to identify the vulnerable and fragile patient. Physiological deterioration and associated comorbidities limit the use of treatment regimens, these elements directly affect the overall survival of the patient.


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