medigraphic.com

2000, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Vet Mex 2000; 31 (1)

Patterns of microbial interactions in the porcine respiratory complex

Iglesias SG, Trujano CM

Language: English/Spanish
References: 39
Page: 59-65
PDF size: 62.97 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The porcine respiratory complex is the denomination for multiple changes and lesions that result in a decreased respiratory capacity of affected pigs. It is appropriate to use the word complex because the swine respiratory disease is a multifactorial, multietiologic syndrome in which the participation of more than one agent is the rule. In this review, the interactions of pathogens are divided in three types. Type one is the classical, well documented, in which the virus or a Mycoplasma affects the defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract, and a bacteria that is a natural inhabitant of the airways is then able to produce severe damage. The best example is enzootic pneumonia where Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida produce considerable damage to the respiratory tract. Type two interaction is when the damage to the defense mechanism is carried out by a virus, but the invader that causes the noticeable damage is a bacteria that usually colonizes other tissues instead or besides the respiratory ones. Examples of this interaction are the interactions of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRSV) with Salmonella cholerasuis or with Haemophilus parasuis. Type three interaction does not include bacteria, and is rather the combination of a virus and a Mycoplasma or two viruses. Cases of this type of interaction have been documented for Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae and PRRSV, and for PRRSV and swine influenza virus. It is postulated that in some cases, the activity of the pathogen that is damaging defense mechanisms goes beyond the tissues of the respiratory tract, and it brings more possibilities for other pathogens to proliferate and produce lesions.


REFERENCES

  1. 1. Halbur PG. Porcine viral respiratory diseases. Proceedings of the 15th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress; 5-9 July 1988; Birmingham, England. Nottingham, England: Nottingham University Press, 1988:211.

  2. 2. Falk K, Hoie S, Lium BM. An abbatoir survey of pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughter weight swine from 9 selected herds. II Enzootic pneumonia of pigs: microbiological findings and their relationship to pathomorphology. Acta Vet Scand 1991;32:67-77.

  3. 3. Sorensen V, Ahrens P, Barfod K, Feenstra AA, Feld NC, Friis NF, Bille-Hansen V, Jensen NE, Pedersen MW. Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae infection in pigs: duration of the disease and evaluation of four diagnostic assays. Vet Microbiol 1997;54:32-34.

  4. 4. Rossow KD. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Vet Pathol 1998;35:1-20.

  5. 5. Pijoan C, Ochoa G. Interaction between a hog cholera vaccine strain and Pasteurella multocida in the production of porcine pneumonia. J Comp Pathol 1978;88:167-170.

  6. 6. Iglesias G, Pijoan C. Effect of swine fever live vaccine on the mucociliary apparatus of swine and its interaction with Pasteurella multocida. Rev Lat Microbiol 1980;22:52.

  7. 7. Andries K, Pensaert M, Vandeputt J. Virological examination of pigs with acute respiratory disorders. Vlaams Diergen Tijds 1981;50:236.

  8. 8. Ducatelle R, Coussement W, Hoourens J. Immunoperoxidase study of Aujeszky’s disease pigs. Res Vet Sci 1982;32:294-302.

  9. 9. Fuentes M, Pijoan C. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of P. multocida by porcine alveolar macrophages after infection with pseudorabies virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1986;13:165-172.

  10. Fuentes M, Pijoan C. Pneumonia in pigs induced by intranasal challenge exposure with pseudorabies virus and Pasteurella multocida. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48:1446-1448.

  11. Iglesias G, Pijoan C, Molitor T. Interactions of pseudorabies virus with swine alveolar macrophages I. Virus replication. Arch Virol 1989;104:107-115.

  12. Iglesias G, Pijoan C, Molitor T. Interactions of psedorabies virus with swine alveolar macrophages: effects of virus infection on cell functions. J Leuk Bio 1989;45:410-415.

  13. Iglesias G, Pijoan C, Molitor T. Effects of pseudorabies virus infection upon cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of porcine alveolar macrophages. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1992;15:249-259.

  14. Iglesias G, Trujano M, Lokensgard J, Molitor T. Study of the potential involvement of pseudorabies virus in swine respiratory disease. Can J Vet Res 1992;565:74-77.

  15. Easterday BC, Hinshaw VS. Swine influenza in: Leman AD, Straw BE, Mengeling WL, D’Allaise S, Taylor DJ, editors. Diseases of swine. 7th ed. Ames (Io): Iowa State University Press, 1992:349-357.

  16. Vincent LL. A review of swine influenza diagnostics. Swine Hlth Prod 1998;6:33-34.

  17. Taylor DJ. Pig diseases. 6th ed. Suffolk (UK): St. Edmunsbury Press, 1995.

  18. Done SH, Paton DJ, White MEC. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): a review with emphasis on pathological, virological and diagnostic aspects. Br Vet J 1996;152:153-174.

  19. Paton DJ, Done SH. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (blue eared’ pig disease). Vet Annual 1992;32:278-292.

  20. Zeman DH. Concurrent respiratory infections in 221 cases of PRRS virus pneumonia: 1992 – 1994. Swine Hlth Prod 1996;4:143-145.

  21. Kobayashi H, Morozumi T, Miyamoto C, Shimizu M, Yamada S, Ohashi S, et al. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection levels in lungs of piglets with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). J Vet Med Sci 1996;58:109-113.

  22. Carvalho LF, Segales J, Pijoan C. Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on subsequent Pasteurella multocida challenge in pigs. Vet Microbiol 1997;51:241-246.

  23. Pol JM, Van Leenged LA, Stockhofe N, Kok G, Wensvoort G. Dual infections of PRRSV/influenza or PRRSV/Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in the respiratory tract. Vet Microbiol 1997;55:259-264.

  24. Iglesias G, Trujano M, Xu J. Inoculation of pigs with Streptococcus suis type 2 alone or in combination with psesudorabies virus. Am J Vet Res 1992;53:364-367.

  25. Galina L, Pijoan C, Sitjar M, Christianson WT, Rossow K, Collins JE. Interaction between Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in SPF piglets. Vet Rec 1994;134:60-64.

  26. Wills RW, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Yoon KJ, Gray JT, Stabel T, Zimmerman J. Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella cholerasuis. Proceedings of the 28thAnnual Meeting of the American Association of Swine Practitioners; 2-4 March 1997; Quebec, Canada. Quebec, Canada: American Association of Swine Practitioners, 1997;459-462.

  27. Solano GI, Segales J, Collins JE, Molitor TW, Pijoan C. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) interaction in swine. Swine Hlth Prod 1997;55:247-257.

  28. Galina L. Possible mechanisms of viral-bacterial interaction in swine. Swine Hlth Prod 1995;3:9-14.

  29. Kay RM, Done SH, Paton DJ. Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and swine influenza on the growth and performance of finishing swine. Vet Rec 1994;135:199-204.

  30. Segalés J, Sitjar M, Domingo M, Dee S, Del Pozo M, Noval R, et al. First report of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Spain. Vet Rec 1997;141:600-601.

  31. Balasch M, Segales J, Plana-Duran J, Urniza A, Latimer K, Domingo M. Pathological findings of pigs experimentally inoculated with tissues homogenates from pigs clinically affected by post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society Congress; 5-9 July 1988; Birmingham, England. Nottingham, England: Nottingham University Press, 1998:211.

  32. Harding J, Clark E. Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS): preliminary epidemiology and clinical presentation. Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society 5-9 July 1988; Birmingham, England. Nottingham England: Nottingham University Press, 1998:213.

  33. Ciprian A, Pijoan C, Cruz T, Camacho J, Tortora J, Colmenares G, et al. Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae increases the susceptibility of pigs to experimental Pasteurella multocida pneumonia. Can J Vet Res 1988;53:155-171.

  34. Asai T, Okada M, Yokomizo Y, Sato S, Mori Y. Suppresive effect of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pigs infected with Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae on chemiluminescence of porcine peripheral neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996;51:325-331.

  35. Shibata I, Okada M, Urono K, Samegai Y, Ono M, Sakano T, Sato S. Experimental dual infection of Cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs with Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae and Pseudorabies virus. J Vet Med Sci 1998;60:295-300.

  36. Van Alstine WG, Stevenson GW, Kanitz CL. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus does not exacerbate Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae infection in young pigs. Vet Microbiol 1996;49:297-303.

  37. Thacker EL, Halbur PG, Ross RF, Thacker BJ. Potentiation of PRRSV pneumonia by dual infection with Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae. Proceedings of the 15th Congress of the International Pig Veterinary Society; 5-9 July 1988; Birmingham, England. Nottingham, England: Nottingham University Press, 1998:261.

  38. Clark LK, Armstrong CH, Freeman MJ, Scheidt AB, Sands-Freeman L, Knox K. Investigating the transmission of Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae in a swine herd with enzootic pneumonia. Vet Med 1991;543-550.

  39. Dee SA. The porcine respiratory disease complex: are subpopulations important? Swine Hlth Prod 1996;4:147-149.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com