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RESUMEN
Complejo respiratorio porcino es la descripción que se ha hecho para la serie de cambios que ocurren como resultado de las infecciones en los tejidos del aparato respiratorio del cerdo. Este término resulta apropiado, ya que las enfermedades de los cerdos son, en la mayoría de los casos, resultado de combinaciones de factores ambientales y agentes infecciosos que actúan en conjunto, afectando la función respiratoria. El propósito de esta revisión es ampliar el conocimiento de los participantes en estas interacciones. Para efectos de estudio, las interacciones se dividieron en tres tipos: en cuanto a distribución de tareas, se mencionan, en primer lugar, el patógeno que destruye las defensas, y en segundo lugar, el patógeno que causa el daño severo y notable el tipo uno, las interacciones que están más documentadas, es el patógeno que destruye los mecanismos de defensa es un
Mycoplasma o un virus, y el patógeno que causa daño severo es una bacteria que se considera como flora del tracto respiratorio; por ejemplo, la neumonía enzoótica, donde
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae y
Pasteurella multocida, actuando en combinación, causan daños severos. El tipo dos, también interacciones virus-bacteria, pero en este caso la bacteria involucrada es un germen que normalmente coloniza otros tejidos diferentes al tracto respiratorio, ejemplos de esta interacción son la del virus del síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio del cerdo (SRRP) con
Salmonella cholerasuis. En el tipo tres no se da la interacción virus-bacteria sino la de virus-virus, o bien
Mycoplasma–virus o viceversa; ejemplos de estas interacciones son las que ocurren entre el virus del SRRP con
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae, o bien el virus del SRRP y el virus de la influenza porcina. Resulta posible interpretar que, ocasionalmente, el daño a los mecanismos inespecíficos de defensa ocurre en otros tejidos además del tracto respiratorio, y con esto último se incrementa la posibilidad de que otros patógenos proliferen y causen daño.
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