medigraphic.com
Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2005, Number 6

<< Back Next >>

Med Int Mex 2005; 21 (6)

First National Consensus about the Use of Antibiotics in Peritonitis Secondary to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Rangel FS

Language: Spanish
References: 34
Page: 453-465
PDF size: 89.05 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a procedure that has offered therapeutic alternatives to individuals suffering from chronic renal failure, increasing their survival expectations in such an ailment. However, this technique is usually related to secondary complications (infections), as it is the case with other invasive procedures (catheters, valves, prostheses), which tend to become infected with resistant pathogens during the course of the treatment. The peritoneal dialysis may promote secondary peritonitis among many of the patients who depend on such a procedure to continue living and, it may produce serious infectious complications, commonly associated to high mortality rates. The problem of CAPD-related peritonitis is one of the most frequent complications which not only have an impact on the quality of life, survival rate and, nutritional status of the patient, but also on the effectiveness and feasibility of the therapy. The lack of a consensus which allows the standardization of diagnosis and treatment criteria has resulted in poor quality management and in inappropriate use and abuse of antimicrobial drugs prescribed to treat such a condition. Further, the practical absence of management protocols has determined an increase in morbidity and mortality rates, the frequency of multiresistant pathogen isolation and the patient/cost/treatment ratios. The aim of this document is to update the current data regarding this infectious complication, as well as to standardize antimicrobial drug therapeutic approaches, which will allow a more effective control of it. It may eventually have a direct impact on quality of life, as well as on the feasibility of short term regimens in patients undergoing CAPD to overcome the limitations and risks imposed upon them by chronic renal failure, and to extend the survival expectations of the patients, decreasing the morbidity and mortality indexes commonly associated to CAPD-related peritonitis.


REFERENCES

  1. Popovich RP, Moncrief JW, Decherd JF, et al. The definition of a novel portable/wearable equilibrium dialysis technique [abstract]. ASAIO J 1976;5:64.

  2. Oreopoulos DG, Robson M, Izatt S, et al. A simple and safe technique for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). ASAIO J 1978;24:489-9.

  3. Buoncristiani V, Bianchi P, Cozzari M, et al. A new and safe simple connection system for CAPD. Int J Nephrol Urol 1980;1:50-53.

  4. Nakagawa D, Price C, Steinebaugh B, et al. Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis: a viable option in the treatment of chronic renal failure. ASAIO J 1981;27:55-57.

  5. Coordinación de atención médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Dirección de prestaciones médicas.

  6. Keane WF, Bailie GR, Boeschoten E, et al. ISPD guidelines/recommendations. Adult peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis treatment recommendations, 2000. Update.file:///C|/HTML/ISPD/articles/articles/ispdperitonitis.htm

  7. Dimkovic NB, Prakash S, Roscoe J, et al. Chronic peritoneal dialysis in octogenarians. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001;16(10):2034-40.

  8. The CARI guidelines-caring for Australians with renal impairment. Treatment of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis.

  9. http://www.kidney-research.org/researchcari.html

  10. Zelenitsky S, Barns L, Findlay I, et al. Analysis of microbiological trends in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis 1991-1998. Am J Kidney Dis 2000;36(5):1009-13.

  11. Genuit T, Napolitano L. Peritonitis and abdominal sepsis. eMedicine. Instant access to the minds of medicine. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2737.htm

  12. Calderón-Jaimes E. Resistencia antimicrobiana en patógenos bacterianos. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2000;4:191-3.

  13. Zinner SH. Relevant aspects in the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with unexplained fever. Int J Hematol 1998;68(Suppl 1):S31-S34.

  14. Picazo JJ. Microbiology of febrile neutropenia: European data on incidence and resistance. Int J Hematol 1998;68(Suppl 1):S35-S38.

  15. Inoue M. Microbiological characteristics in Japan antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility patterns. Int J Hematol 1998;68(Suppl 1):S13-S14.

  16. Smith TL, Pearson ML, Wilcox KR, et al. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Working Group. N Engl J Med 1999;340(7):493-501.

  17. Berger-Bachi B. Resistance mechanisms of grampositive-bacteria. Int J Microbiol 2002;292(1):27-35.

  18. Hosein IK, Hill DW, Jenkins LE, et al. Clinical significance of the emergence of bacterial resistance in the hospital environment. J Appl Microbiol 2002;92:90S-97S.

  19. Linares J. The VISA/GISA problem: therapeutic implications. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001;7(Suppl 4):8-15.

  20. Excerpt from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. eMedicine. http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/byname/spontaneous-bacterial-peritonitis.htm

  21. Izumotani T, Ishimura E, Yamamoto T, et al. Correlation between peritoneal mesothelial cell cytology and peritoneal histopathology with respect to prognosis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephron 2000;89(1):43-49.

  22. Lin CY, Lin CC, Huang TP. Serial changes of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in drain dialysate of uremic patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis during peritonitis. Nephron 1993;63(4):404-8.

  23. Ko YC, Mukaida N, Kasahara T, et al. Specific increase in interleukin-8 concentrations in dialysis fluid of patients with peritonitis receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Clin Pathol 1995;48(2):115-9.

  24. Periti P. Current treatment of sepsis and endotoxaemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2000;1(6):1203-17.

  25. Gastrointestinal tract pathophysiology. http:www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/j_lockhart/ human_pathol/pa_git1.doc

  26. Graff J, Fugleberg S. A prospective study of transperitoneal transport in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1997;31(5):469-75.

  27. Cheng MC, Liu YH, Liu FY. Transperitoneal transport of solute and IL-8 in dialysis-related peritonitis. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2002;27(3):217-20.

  28. Fussholler A, Zur Nieden S, Grabensee B, et al. Peritoneal fluid and solute transport: influence of treatment time, peritoneal dialysis modality, and peritonitis incidence. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002;13(4):1055-60.

  29. Krediet RT, Zuyderhout FM, Boeschoten EW, et al. Alterations in the peritoneal transport of water and solutes during peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Eur J Clin Invest 1987;17(1):43-52.

  30. Wakabayashi Y. Changes in residual dextrose and amount of total protein loss in the effluent during the clinical course of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1994;36(10):1175-83.

  31. Piraino B. Peritoneal infections. Adv Ren Replace Ther 2000;7(4):280-8.

  32. Wong KM, Chan YH, Cheung CY, et al. Cefepime versus vancomycin plus netilmicin therapy for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38(1):127-31.

  33. Tao Li PK, Ip M, Law MC, et al. Use of intraperitoneal cefepime as monotherapy in treatment of CAPD peritonitis. Perit Dial Int 2000;20(2):232-4.

  34. Salas M, Caro JJ, Molinar F. Cefepime-metronidazol versus cefotaxima-metronidazol en infecciones intraabdominales. Estudio farmacoeconómico. Rev Med IMSS 2003;41(2):115-20.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com