Cabrera RA, Ortega SMA, Guaní GE, Juárez OR

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 69-74
PDF size: 57.16 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Meningitis is a leptomeningeal inflammation due to infectious or not infectious causes. The central nervous system is susceptible to infections by bacteria, viruses, fungi and prions that can cause death or permanent neurological damage. The signs and classic symptoms of meningitis are headache, meningeal sings, fever, convulsions, motor and sensorial dysfunctions. The clinical suspicion of meningitis in patients with risk factors should be confirmed by means of careful evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid and through stains, cultures, specific antigens, antibodies and polymerase chain reaction. The present work clinically focuses on pathophysiology, clinical features, evaluation, diagnosis and therapy of acute community bacterial meningitis.

REFERENCES

1. Schuchat A, Robinson K, Wenger JD, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. N Engl J Med 1997;337:970-76.

2. Swartz. Bacterial meningitis. Lecture given at the medical grand rounds. Massachusetts General Hospital, 1993.

3. Durand. Acute bacterial meningitis in adults: a review of 493 episodes. N Engl J Med 1993;328:21.

4. Spanos. Differencial diagnosis of acute meningitis: an analysis of the predictive value of initial observations. JAMA 1989;262:2700.

5. Quagliarello V, Scheld WM. Bacterial meningitis: pathogenesis, pathophysiology and progress. N Engl J Med 1992;327:864.

6. Simberkoff MS, Moldover NH, Rahal J Jr. Absence of detectable bactericidal and opsonic activities in normal and infected human cerebrospinal fluids. A regional host defense deficiency. J Lab Clin Med 1980;95:362.

7. Tuomanen EI, Austrian R, Masure HR. Pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1280.

8. Verghese A, Gallemore G. Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs revisited. Rev Infect Dis 1987;9:1187.

9. Tunkel AR, Scheld WM. Acute bacterial meningitis. Lancet 1995;346:1675.

10. Rosenstein N, Perkins BA, Sthepens DS, Popovic T, Hughes JM. Meningococcal disease. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1378-88.

11. Juan de Martin F. Manifestaciones cutáneas de la infección meningocócica. Piel 2000;15:222-6.

12. Coyle PK. Overview of acute and chronic meningitis. Neurol Clin 1999;17(4):691-710.

13. Dunbar SA, Eason RA, Musher DM, et al. Microscopic examination and broth culture of cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis of meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:1617.

14. Talan DA, Hoffman JR, Yoshikawa TT, et al. Role of empiric parenteral antibiotics prior to lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis: state of the art. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:36.

15. Chuck SL, Sande MA. Infections with Cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1989;321:794.

16. Quagliarello VJ, Sceld WM. Treatment of bacterial meningitis. N Engl J Med 1997;336:708-16.

17. Viladrich PF, Gudiol F, Linares J, et al. Evaluation of vancomycin for therapy of adults pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991;35:2467.

18. Bradley JS, Sheld WM. The challenge of penicillin significant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis: current antibiotic therapy in the 1990s. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24(suppl 2):S213.

19. Ostergaard C, Sorensen TK, Knudsen JD, et al. Evaluation of moxifloxacin, a new 8-methoxyquinolone, for treatment of meningitis caused by a penicillin-resistant pneumococcus in rabbits. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:1706.

20. Wubbel L, McCracken GH Jr. Management of bacterial meningitis. Pediatr Rev 1998;19:78.