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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2005, Number 4

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2005; 6 (4)

Structure and function of the acetylcholine of muscarinical and nicotinical type.

Flores SME, Segura TJE

Language: Spanish
References: 60
Page: 315-326
PDF size: 426.95 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Acetylcholine (ACh) was the first neurotransmitter characterized as much in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as in the central nervous system (CNS) of the mammals, which participates in the regulation of diverse functions like phenomena of cortical activation, the passage of dream into wakefulness and memory and association processes. The ACh is synthesized from choline and acetyl CoA, in a reaction catalyzed by the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and they’re mechanisms that regulate in a precise way their synthesis and liberation. Molecular cloning techniques have permitted the identification of two types of receptors: ionotropic (nicotinic) and metabotropic (muscarinic) all of them connected to proteins G. The receivers M1, M2 and M3 are coupled to the activation of proteins Gs, with the consequent production of the second messenger AMPc. The receivers M2 and M4 inhibit the formation of AMPc, activate channels of K+ and reduce the entrance of ions of Ca++ through voltage dependent channels, effects that are mediated by proteins G (Gai and Gao). The receivers of acetylcholine are widely distributed on diverse areas of the CNS and in the PNS, where each one of them presents a particular temporospatial expression pattern, which can shift about during the development and they are responsible for the diverse physiological actions of the acetylcholine. The CNS cholinergic systems and receptors study has caused great interest, ever since several alterations in the cholinergical transmission have been related, directly or indirectly, with severe inconveniences as the Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.


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