medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2005, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2005; 47 (1)

Estimation of exposure to fluoride in “Los Altos de Jalisco”, Mexico

Hurtado-Jiménez R, Gardea-Torresdey J

Language: Spanish
References: 47
Page: 58-63
PDF size: 91.59 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To estimate the level of fluoride exposure and human health risks in Los Altos de Jalisco (Jalisco State Heights) region. Material and Methods. This study was conducted between May and July 2002. The fluoride concentrations of 105 water wells and six tap water samples were electrochemically measured. Exposure doses to fluoride and total intake of fluoride were estimated for babies (10 kg), children (20 kg), and adults (70 kg). Results. The fluoride concentration of the water samples ranged from 0.1 to 17.7 mg/l. More than 45% of the water samples exceeded the national guideline value for fluoride of 1.5 mg/l. The estimated values of the exposure doses to fluoride and total intake of fluoride were in the range of 0.04-1.8 mg/kg/d and 0.5-18.4 mg/d, respectively. Conclusions. Dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and bone fractures are some of the potential health risks due to the intake of high doses of fluoride for the population of Los Altos de Jalisco. In order to reduce health risks, fluoridated salt, fluoridated toothpastes, and drinking water containing more than 0.7 mg/l of fluoride should be avoided. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/47/eng


REFERENCES

  1. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. XII Censo General de Población y Vivienda 2000. Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México: INEGI; 2001.

  2. Hurtado R, Gardea-Torresdey J, Tiemann KJ. Fluoride occurrence in tap water at “Los Altos de Jalisco”, in the central Mexico region. Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Hazardous Waste Research: Environmental Changes and Solutions to Resource Development,

  3. Production, and Use; 2000 mayo 23-25; Denver (CO), USA. Manhattan (KS): Erikson LE, Ranking MM, Kansas State University: 211-219.

  4. Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana: NOM 127-SSA1-1994. Salud ambiental, agua para uso y consumo humano. Límites permisibles de calidad y tratamientos a que debe someterse el agua para su potabilización. México, D.F.: Diario Oficial de la Federación DVIII 13, 18 de enero; 1996: 41.

  5. National Research Council. Health effects of ingested fluoride. Report of the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1993.

  6. Grimaldo M, Borja-Aburto VH, Ramírez AL, Ponce M, Rosas M, Díaz-Barriga F. Endemic fluorosis in San Luis Potosi, Mexico: I. Identification of risk factors associated with human exposure to fluoride. Environ Res 1995;68:25-30.

  7. Choubisa SL. Endemic fluorosis in southern Rajasthan, India. Fluoride 2001;34(1):61-70.

  8. Chakma T, Rao PV, Singh SB, Tiwary RS. Endemic genu valgum and other bone deformities in two villages of Mandla district in central India. Fluoride 2000;33(4):187-195.

  9. Alarcón-Herrera MT, Martín-Domínguez IR, Trejo-Vazquez R, Rodríguez-Dozal S. Well water fluoride, dental fluorosis, and bone fractures in the Guadiana Valley of Mexico. Fluoride 2001;34(2):139-149.

  10. Yiamouyiannis J. Fluoride the aging factor: How to recognize and avoid the devastating effects of fluoride. 3rd edition. Delaware, Ohio: Health Action Press; 1993.

  11. Trejo-Vázquez R, Bonilla-Petriciolet A. Exposición a fluoruros del agua potable en la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México. Pan Am J Public Health 2001;10(2):108-113.

  12. Barrandey-Orozco SE, Cabello-Arreola MV, Magaña-Ramírez J, Rodríguez-Domínguez E. Sal fluorurada, riesgo o beneficio para la población de la ciudad de Chihuahua. Rev ADM 1994;51(2):80-89.

  13. Grijalva-Haro MI, Barba-Leyva ME, Laborín-Alvarez A. Ingestión y excreción de fluoruros en niños de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Salud Publica Mex 2001;43(2):127-134.

  14. Díaz-Barriga F, Navarro-Quezada A, Grijalva MI, Grimaldo M, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Ortiz MD. Endemic fluorosis in México. Fluoride 1997;30(4):233-239.

  15. Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Pozos-Guillén AJ, Rueda-González AM, Vázquez-Moctezuma S, de la Paz-Domínguez G. Factores a riesgo de fluorosis dental en San Luis Potosí, México. Revista ADM 1996;53(6):295-300.

  16. Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Pozos-Guillén AJ, Hernández-Guerrero JC. Bebidas embotelladas como fuentes adicionales de exposición a flúor. Salud Publica Mex 1998;40(5):438-441.

  17. Díaz-Barriga F, Leyva R, Quistián J, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Pozos A, Grimaldo M. Endemic fluorosis in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. IV. Sources of fluoride exposure. Fluoride 1997;30(4):219-222.

  18. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes –Method 340.2 –Fluoride. Storet No.: 00950, Environmental monitoring and support laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio: –Office of research and development– U.S. EPA. 1991.

  19. Hurtado R, Gardea-Torresdey J. Environmental evaluation of fluoride in drinking water at “Los Altos de Jalisco”, in the central Mexico region. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2004;67(20-22):1741-1753.

  20. Martínez-Salgado H, Tovar-Zamora E, Chávez-Villasana A, Armendáriz DM, Baz-Díaz-Lombardo G. Consumo familiar e individual de sal de mesa en el Estado de México. Salud Publica Mex 1993;35(6):630-636.

  21. Ortiz D, Castro L, Turrubiartes F, Milan J, Díaz-Barriga F. Assessment of the exposure to fluoride from drinking water in Durango, Mexico, using a geographic information system. Fluoride 1998;31(4):183-187.

  22. Institute of Medicine. Fluoride. En: Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997:288-313.

  23. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Polic y. Fluoride. Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. Londres VR: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; 1994.

  24. World Health Organization. Fluorides – Environmental Health Criteria 227. Ginebra: WHO; 2002.

  25. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. XII Censo General de Población y Vivienda 2000. Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México: INEGI; 2001.

  26. Hurtado R, Gardea-Torresdey J, Tiemann KJ. Fluoride occurrence in tap water at “Los Altos de Jalisco”, in the central Mexico region. Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Hazardous Waste Research: Environmental Changes and Solutions to Resource Development, Production, and Use; 2000 mayo 23-25; Denver (CO), USA. Manhattan (KS): Erikson LE, Ranking MM, Kansas State University: 211-219.

  27. Secretaría de Salud. Norma Oficial Mexicana: NOM 127-SSA1-1994. Salud ambiental, agua para uso y consumo humano. Límites permisibles de calidad y tratamientos a que debe someterse el agua para su potabilización. México, D.F.: Diario Oficial de la Federación DVIII 13, 18 de enero; 1996: 41.

  28. National Research Council. Health effects of ingested fluoride. Report of the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1993.

  29. Grimaldo M, Borja-Aburto VH, Ramírez AL, Ponce M, Rosas M, Díaz-Barriga F. Endemic fluorosis in San Luis Potosi, Mexico: I. Identification of risk factors associated with human exposure to fluoride. Environ Res 1995;68:25-30.

  30. Choubisa SL. Endemic fluorosis in southern Rajasthan, India. Fluoride 2001;34(1):61-70.

  31. Chakma T, Rao PV, Singh SB, Tiwary RS. Endemic genu valgum and other bone deformities in two villages of Mandla district in central India. Fluoride 2000;33(4):187-195.

  32. Alarcón-Herrera MT, Martín-Domínguez IR, Trejo-Vazquez R, Rodríguez-Dozal S. Well water fluoride, dental fluorosis, and bone fractures in the Guadiana Valley of Mexico. Fluoride 2001;34(2):139-149.

  33. Yiamouyiannis J. Fluoride the aging factor: How to recognize and avoid the devastating effects of fluoride. 3rd edition. Delaware, Ohio: Health Action Press; 1993.

  34. Trejo-Vázquez R, Bonilla-Petriciolet A. Exposición a fluoruros del agua potable en la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México. Pan Am J Public Health 2001;10(2):108-113.

  35. Barrandey-Orozco SE, Cabello-Arreola MV, Magaña-Ramírez J, Rodríguez-Domínguez E. Sal fluorurada, riesgo o beneficio para la población de la ciudad de Chihuahua. Rev ADM 1994;51(2):80-89.

  36. Grijalva-Haro MI, Barba-Leyva ME, Laborín-Alvarez A. Ingestión y excreción de fluoruros en niños de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Salud Publica Mex 2001;43(2):127-134.

  37. Díaz-Barriga F, Navarro-Quezada A, Grijalva MI, Grimaldo M, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Ortiz MD. Endemic fluorosis in México. Fluoride 1997;30(4):233-239.

  38. Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Pozos-Guillén AJ, Rueda-González AM, Vázquez-Moctezuma S, de la Paz-Domínguez G. Factores a riesgo de fluorosis dental en San Luis Potosí, México. Revista ADM 1996;53(6):295-300.

  39. Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Pozos-Guillén AJ, Hernández-Guerrero JC. Bebidas embotelladas como fuentes adicionales de exposición a flúor. Salud Publica Mex 1998;40(5):438-441.

  40. Díaz-Barriga F, Leyva R, Quistián J, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Pozos A, Grimaldo M. Endemic fluorosis in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. IV. Sources of fluoride exposure. Fluoride 1997;30(4):219-222.

  41. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes –Method 340.2 –Fluoride. Storet No.: 00950, Environmental monitoring and support laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio: –Office of research and development– U.S. EPA. 1991.

  42. Hurtado R, Gardea-Torresdey J. Environmental evaluation of fluoride in drinking water at “Los Altos de Jalisco”, in the central Mexico region. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2004;67(20-22):1741-1753.

  43. Martínez-Salgado H, Tovar-Zamora E, Chávez-Villasana A, Armendáriz DM, Baz-Díaz-Lombardo G. Consumo familiar e individual de sal de mesa en el Estado de México. Salud Publica Mex 1993;35(6):630-636.

  44. Ortiz D, Castro L, Turrubiartes F, Milan J, Díaz-Barriga F. Assessment of the exposure to fluoride from drinking water in Durango, Mexico, using a geographic information system. Fluoride 1998;31(4):183-187.

  45. Institute of Medicine. Fluoride. En: Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997:288-313.

  46. Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Polic y. Fluoride. Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. Londres VR: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; 1994.

  47. World Health Organization. Fluorides–Environmental Health Criteria 227. Ginebra: WHO; 2002.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com