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2015, Number 3

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Residente 2015; 10 (3)

Concepts of hemostasis, thrombophilia and antiphospholipid syndrome

Orozco-López G, Rubio-Jurado B, Nava-Zavala AH

Language: Spanish
References: 31
Page: 142-153
PDF size: 278.52 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Hemostasis is the process that maintains the integrity of the vascular system after vascular injury, it is maintained by the interaction of platelets, coagulation factors and the fibrinolytic system. When the mechanisms of regulation of hemostasis is disturbed, the balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant system is lost, causing bleeding, or on the other hand, thrombosis. Thrombophilia is defined as the predisposition to blood clots, may be primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired) thereof antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the most common cause with approximately 28% of cases. It is characterized by clinical manifestations associated with thrombotic events (venous and arterial), pregnancy morbidity, recurrent fetal loss and persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. It is often associated with autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus), neoplasms, infections, drug use, blood diseases, etcetera. For diagnosing, the criteria proposed in Sydney are used, which consider the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The detection of antibodies antiβ2-GPI, cardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant are currently used, however, new target antigens have been discovered and new methods to detect antiphospholipid antibodies which may be useful for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. The main antigens against which the antibodies are directed are b-2 glycoprotein I, prothrombin, prothrombin/phosphatidylserine, vimentin/cardiolipin, annexin A5, annexin A2, protein C, protein S, oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL), lisobifosfatidic acid (LBPA), etcetera.


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