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2000, Number 4

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Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex 2000; 13 (4)

Differences in the cellularity of stable and critical asthma patient sputum.

Salas HJ, Candanedo SM, Vanda CB, Pérez CR, Chapela MR

Language: Spanish
References: 20
Page: 198-204
PDF size: 177.93 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: In clinical studies of asthmatic patients we have no practical diagnostic tools to determine the degree and type of airway inflammation. Sputum, a frequent symptom of this disease can be examined repeatedly, with various techniques and no risk. The aim of the present work was to determine the type and amount of inflammatory cells present in spontaneous sputum of asthmatic patients and to correlate these results with the patient’s clinical and functional status and with the use of different antiinflammatory steroids. Material and methods: The study was observational, prospective, transversal and comparative. Seventy seven adult patients were included. They were divided into two groups: stable (S) n= 55, average age= 38 years; and crisis (C), n= 22, average age = 52 years. Spirometry and sputum cytology with differential count were performed in all patients. In group S, 29 patients were not under steroid treatment, 22 used beclomethasone and 4 prednisone. In group C, 4 patients used high doses of prednisone and 18 used methylprednisolone. Results: A grader total cell number was found in the sputum of the second group (C) (2,353,611 cells/mL) compared with the first group (S) (1,830,084 cells/mL). Eosinophils were quantitatively elevated in both groups, especially in group C, but differences were not significant. On the other hand, a significant negative correlation was found between FEV1 and percentage of eosinophils (p<0.05). Analysis of these data in relation with the steroids used revealed that less eosinophils were found in the group using beclomethasone (pNS). Conclusions: The study of sputum cellularity of asthmatic patients can be a useful method for non-invasive evaluation of bronchial inflammation and can serve as a follow-up parameter, manly in low income countries.


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