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ISSN 2007-4360 (Print)
Asociación Mexicana de Periodontología, Colegio de Periodoncistas A.C

2015, Number 1

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Rev Mex Periodontol 2015; 6 (1)

Treatment of physiological gingival pigmentation. Use of dimethyl ether and propane. A case report

Meza CI, Rodríguez PJI, Garza SBR, Martínez SG

Language: Spanish
References: 17
Page: 16-20
PDF size: 478.64 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Gingival tissue is the most commonly pigmented tissue of the oral cavity. There are numerous causes that may manifest pigmentation in the oral cavity, including exogenous factors (accidental iatrogenic amalgam tattoos, tobacco use), pathological factors such as Addison’s disease, malignant melanoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, hemochromatosis, and adverse effects of drugs as minocycline. Color changes and pigmentation may also be related to endogenous physiological factors such as the degree of keratinization of the mucosa, the number and size of the blood vessels underlying the epithelium and melanin pigmentation. Particularly on the gums, physiological pigmentation is the result of the activity of melanin; it can occur in any race, but it occurs most often in dark skin people, regardless of gender or age, presenting clinically as light brown to dark brown or black macules. Current treatment options for physiological pigmentation are laser therapy, free gingival grafts, epithelial abrasion procedures, gingivectomy, dermal matrix allografts and cryosurgery. The latter technique offers many advantages, since it is minimally invasive and long-term stable. Among the cryogenic substances, dimethyl ether and propane are capable of causing cell death of melanocytes at a temperature of -50 oC, compared to other substances, which at lower temperatures produce adverse effects such as infection and necrosis. The aim of this case report is to describe the management of physiological gingival pigmentation by cryotherapy, presented as a safe treatment alternative for the removal of physiological pigmentation that is also effective, minimally invasive and cost-efficient.


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