Uribe-Salas F, Conde-González CJ, Magis-Rodríguez C, Juárez- Figueroa L

Language: Spanish
References: 27
Page: 401-406
PDF size: 48.25 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To compare the mechanisms of HIV/AIDS transmission reported by the epidemiological surveillance system information of the Chiapas State and those referred by HIV positive men interviewed in the Soconusco’s region from the same state. Methods: Databases containing information about the HIV/AIDS cases registered in the State of Chiapas and in the Soconusco’s region were used. Additionally, 32 men previously detected as HIV positive by the regional surveillance system answered a questionnaire about their sexual behavior and some socio-demographic characteristics. All participants provided a blood sample to identify antibodies against HIV using two screening tests, ELISA and microagglutination, and one confirmatory test by Western blot. Results: While the heterosexual transmission was predominant among HIV/AIDS cases reported by the epidemiological surveillance of Chiapas State and the Soconusco’s (50.4% and 69.4%, respectively), heterosexual transmission among the interviewed individuals was 36.7%. Conclusions: Contrary to the proposal about a process of "heterosexualization" of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Chiapas State and particularly in the Soconusco’s region, the present study suggest that homosexual and bisexual behavior continue to be the main routes of HIV transmission among men. These results also suggest the presence of a methodological limitation in the evaluation of sexual behavior among HIV-seropositive individuals in the region. A gender analysis about masculinity, would allow a better understanding of the social and cultural aspects of sexuality that are not evident when only the sexual practices are evaluated.

REFERENCES

1. UNAIDS. Global HIV / AIDS & STD Surveillance. Epi fact sheets by country (http://www.unaids.org), June 2000.

2. Magis-Rodríguez C, Bravo-García E, Anaya-López L, et al. La situación del SIDA en México a finales de 1988. SIDAlETS 1998;4:143-155.

3. Bronfman M, Sejenovich G Uribe P. Migración y SIDA en México y América Central. México, Angulos del SIDA, 1998.

4. Bronfman M, Magis C. Tercermundialización, depauperación y ruralización. Demos 1996;9:42-43.

5. Consejo Nacional de Población. Índices de marginación, 1995. México, CONAPO/Progresa,1995.

6. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. Anuario Estadístico: Chiapas. México, INEGI, 2000.

7. Ruiz de Chávez M, Martínez-Narváez G. El papel de la Jurisdicción Sanitaria en los sistemas estatales de salud. Salud Publica Mex 1988;30:197-201.

8. Arriola AM. Tapachula "la perla del Soconusco"; Ciudad estratégica para la redefinición de las fronteras. Guatemala, FLACSO, 1995.

9. Uribe F. Comportamiento sexual y VIH/SIDA en sujetos masculinos. Análisis del comportamiento sexual de individuos VIH positivos como punto de partida para entender la transmisión del virus en la región sur del estado de Chiapas. Tesis de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales por el Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, BC, 18 de octubre de 2004.

10. Gortmaker SL, lzazola JA. The role of quantitative behavioral research in AIDS prevention. En: Sepúlveda J, Fineberg H, Mann J (Editores). AIDS. Prevention through education: a world view. United States, Oxford University Press, 1992.

11. Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE. Sexual behavior in tue human male United States, WB Saunders Company, 1948.

12. Pérez A, Mazariegos MA, Casahonda JG, Durante O, Cano R. Prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y relación con otras enfermedades transmitidas sexualmente en un grupo de prostitutas en Huixtla, Chiapas. Rev Invest Clin 1991;43:45-47.

13. Valdespino JL, García ML, Del Río A, Loo E, Mágis-Rodríguez C, Salcedo-Alvarez RA. Epidemiología del SIDANIH en México; de 1983 a marzo de 1993. Salud Pública México 1995;37:556-571.

14. Uribe-Salas F, Conde-Glez JC, Juárez-Figueroa L, Hemández-Castellanos A. Socio-demographic dynamics and sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers at the Mexican-Guatemalan border. Sex Transm Dis 2003;30:266-271.

15. Gómez G, Herrera C, Velasco CA, et al. Estudio centinela para la infección del VIH en mujeres embarazadas en la frontera México-Guatemala. Trabajo presentado en el I Foro y II Conferencia de Cooperación Técnica Horizontal en América Latina y El Caribe sobre VIH/SIDA y ETS, São Paulo, Brasil, 2000.

16. Magis C, García ML, González G, et al. Underreport of homosexuality affects epidemiological patterns of AIDS/HIV in a Latin America country. VI International Conference on AIDS/HIV STD World Congress. Amsterdam, Holanda, 1992 (abstract PoC4768:C371).

17. Manual para la vigilancia epidemiológica del VIH/SIDA. México, SSA/DGE/INDRE, 1990.

18. Bloor M. The Sociology of HIV Transmission. Great Britain, SAGE Publications, 1995.

19. Carrier JM. Cultural factors affecting urban Mexican male homosexual behavior. Arch Sex Behav 1976;5:103-124.

20. González MA, Liguori AL. El SIDA en los estratos socioeconomicos de México. México, INSP, 1992.

21. Liguori AL, González-Block MA, Aggleton P. Bisexuality and AIDS in Mexico. In: Bisexualities and AIDS (Aggleton P, Editor). London, Taylor & Francis, 1996.

22. Ross MW, Essien EJ, Williams ML, et al. Concordance between sexual behavior and sexual identity in street outreach samples of four racial/ethnic groups. Sex Transm Dis 2003;30:110-113.

23. Malebranche DJ. Black men who have sex with men and the HIV epidemic: next steps for Public Health. Am J Public Health 2003;93:862-865.

24. Centers for Disease Control. HIV incidence among young men who have sex with men in seven US cities, 1994-2000. MMWR 2001;50:440-441.

25. Conell RW. Masculinidades. México, UNAM, 2003.

26. Anaya L. Subestimación de la incidencia de SIDA en México debido al retraso de la notificación. SIDA/ETS 1997;3:25-38.

27. Working group of global HIV/AIDS and STI surveillance. Guidelines for second generation HIV surveillance. Washington, UNAIDS/WHO, 2000.