Insausti CL, Rodríguez M, Castellanos G, Moraleda JM

Language: Spanish
References: 55
Page: 11-20
PDF size: 368.50 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Epithelial and mesenchymal cells isolated from the amniotic membrane possess stem cell characteristics, differentiation potential toward lineages of different germ layers and immunomodulatory properties. They have been used as donor cells for regenerative therapies in pre-clinical studies. However, although the preliminary results described were quite promising, many times the beneficious effect could not be attributed to the plasticity of the cells, because the engraftment was low. In the last several years, increasing experimental finding have pointed toward the immunomodulatory properties of the amniotic membrane-derived stem cells. The mechanisms of such immunomodulatory properties have been extensively studied in vitro on various target cells of the innate and the adaptive system and in vivo in animal models of different inflammatory diseases. In vitro, at least three candidate mechanisms have emerging: a) amniotic membrane-derived stem cell are hipoimmunogenic, b) they modulated T cell phenotype and c) they immunosuppress the local environment. Some results have evidenced that these effects are dependent on cell-cell contact, other, that are mediated through the secretion of suppressive molecules, such as IL-10, TGF-β1, HGF, IDO and PGE2. In this review we will briefly review the general properties of the amniotic membrane-derived stem cells, we then discuss some of the in vitro evidences behind the role of these cells in immunomodulation, and ffurthermore, we will describe some assays in animal models of different inflammatory diseases, which reveal the potential use of these cells to treat such diseases.

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