medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3325 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2013, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Salud Mental 2013; 36 (4)

The interaction of estrogens and noradrenaline in depression

Vega-Rivera NM, López-Rubalcava C, Paez-Martínez N, Castro M, Estrada-Camarena EM

Language: Spanish
References: 61
Page: 331-336
PDF size: 209.49 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Depression refers to a mood disorder characterized by deep sadness and loss of interest and pleasure. Epidemiologic studies show that this disorder represents a public health problem affecting 12% of the world population in a proportion of 2:1 of women to men. Depression is a complex disease in which it has been observed that the noradrenergic system appears to play an important role. Thus, a decrease in the noradrenergic tone, changes in noradrenaline (NA) synthesis, reduction in its turn-over, and modulation of its receptors can induce this disease. On the other hand, estrogens are a wide hormones family with multiple biologic functions which include those related to mood states. Clinical studies suggest that hormonal fluctuations, such as the premenstrual phase, puerperium and perimenopause, are associated with an increase in the vulnerability to depression. Conversely, estrogens have shown antidepressant effects in different preclinical models. Binding and electrophysiology studies suggest that estrogens are able to modulate noradrenergic transmission, through an increase of NA neurons’ firing rate, a regulation of noradrenergic receptors and the synthesis and catabolism of this neurotransmitter. Additionally, behavioral studies support the interaction of estrogens with the noradrenergic system. Thus, the purpose of this review is to analyze the participation of noradrenalin, estrogens and their interaction in the treatment of depression in both, clinical and preclinical studies.


REFERENCES

  1. Stahl SM. Essential psychopharmaology; neuroscientific basis and practical applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.

  2. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR. Cuarta edición. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.

  3. Andrade L, Caraveo-Anduaga JJ, Berglund P, Bijl RV et al. The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2003;12(1):3-21.

  4. Caraveo-Anduaga JJ, Colmenares-Bermudez E, Saldivar-Hernandez GJ. [Gender differences in alcohol consumption in Mexico City]. Salud Publica Mex 1999;41(3):177-188.

  5. Gender and women’s mental health. En: World Health Organization; 2008.

  6. Feldman RS, Meyer JS, Quenzer LF. Principles of neuropsychopharmacology. Massachussetts: Sinauer Associates; 1997.

  7. Foote SL, Bloom FE, Aston-Jones G. Nucleus locus ceruleus: new evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity. Physiol Rev 1983;63(3):844-914.

  8. Bylund DB, Eikenberg DC, Hieble JP, Langer SZ et al. International union of pharmacology nomenclature of adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Rev 1994;46(2):121-136.

  9. Jewell-Motz EA, Liggett SB. G protein-coupled receptor kinase specificity for phosphorylation and desensitization of alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtypes. J Biol Chem 1996;271(30):18082-18087.

  10. Blier P, Galzin AM, Langer SZ. Interaction between serotonin uptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic heteroreceptors in the rat hypothalamus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990;254(1):236-244.

  11. Delgado PL, Price LH, Miller HL, Salomon RM et al. Rapid serotonin depletion as a provocative challenge test for patients with major depression: relevance to antidepressant action and the neurobiology of depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 1991;27(3):321-330.

  12. Delgado PL, Miller HL, Salomon RM, Licinio J et al. Monoamines and the mechanism of antidepressant action: effects of catecholamine depletion on mood of patients treated with antidepressants. Psychopharmacol Bull 1993;29(3):389-396.

  13. Meana JJ, Barturen F, Garcia-Sevilla JA. Alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the brain of suicide victims: increased receptor density associated with major depression. Biol Psychiatry 1992;31(5):471-490.

  14. Miller HL, Delgado PL, Salomon RM, Berman R et al. Clinical and biochemical effects of catecholamine depletion on antidepressant-induced remission of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53(2):117-128.

  15. Ordway GA. Pathophysiology of the locus coeruleus in suicide. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997;836:233-252.

  16. Glavin GB. Stress and brain noradrenaline: a review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1985;9(2):233-243.

  17. Neumeister A, Drevets WC, Belfer I, Luckenbaugh DA et al. Effects of a alpha 2C-adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism on neural responses to facial expressions in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31(8):1750-1756.

  18. Andreoli V, Caillard V, Deo RS, Rybakowski JK et al. Reboxetine, a new noradrenaline selective antidepressant, is at least as effective as fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;22(4):393-399.

  19. Messer T, Schmauss M, Lambert-Baumann J. Efficacy and tolerability of reboxetine in depressive patients treated in routine clinical practice. CNS Drugs 2005;19(1):43-54.

  20. Fava M, McGrath PJ, Sheu WP. Switching to reboxetine: an efficacy and safety study in patients with major depressive disorder unresponsive to fluoxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;23(4):365-369.

  21. Cowen PJ, Ogilvie AD, Gama J. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of duloxetine 60 mg once daily in major depression. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21(3):345-356.

  22. Frampton JE, Plosker GL. Duloxetine: a review of its use in the treatment of major depressive disorder. CNS Drugs 2007;21(7):581-609.

  23. Rabasseda X. Duloxetine: a new serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of depression. Drugs Today (Barc) 2004;40(9):773-790.

  24. Wellington K, Perry CM. Venlafaxine extended-release: a review of its use in the management of major depression. CNS Drugs 2001;15(8):643-669.

  25. Invernizzi RW, Garattini S. Role of presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors in antidepressant action: recent findings from microdialysis studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28(5):819-827.

  26. Rachman IM, Unnerstall JR, Pfaff DW, Cohen RS. Estrogen alters behavior and forebrain c-fos expression in ovariectomized rats subjected to the forced swim test. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95(23):13941-13946.

  27. Smiley DA, Khalil RA. Estrogenic compounds, estrogen receptors and vascular cell signaling in the aging blood vessels. Curr Med Chem 2009;16(15):1863-1887.

  28. Lethaby A, Hogervorst E, Richards M, Yesufu A et al. Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008(1):CD003122.

  29. Panay N, Studd JW. The psychotherapeutic effects of estrogens. Gynecol Endocrinol 1998;12(5):353-365.

  30. Soares CN, Frey BN. Is there a role for estrogen in treating depression during menopause? J Psychiatry Neurosci 2010;35(6):E6-7.

  31. Schmidt PJ, Rubinow DR. Sex hormones and mood in the perimenopause. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009;1179:70-85.

  32. Parry BL, Newton RP. Chronobiological basis of female-specific mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;25(5 Supl):S102-S108.

  33. Soares CN, Poitras JR, Prouty J. Effect of reproductive hormones and selective estrogen receptor modulators on mood during menopause. Drugs Aging 2003;20(2):85-100.

  34. Stewart DE, Rolfe DE, Robertson E. Depression, estrogen, and the Women’s Health Initiative. Psychosomatics 2004;45(5):445-447.

  35. Soares CN, Almeida OP, Joffe H, Cohen LS. Efficacy of estradiol for the treatment of depressive disorders in perimenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58(6):529-534.

  36. Bernardi M, Vergoni AV, Sandrini M, Tagliavini S et al. Influence of ovariectomy, estradiol and progesterone on the behavior of mice in an experimental model of depression. Physiol Behav 1989;45(5):1067-1068.

  37. Galea LA, Wide JK, Barr AM. Estradiol alleviates depressive-like symptoms in a novel animal model of post-partum depression. Behav Brain Res 2001;122(1):1-9.

  38. Okada M, Hayashi N, Kometani M, Nakao K et al. Influences of ovariectomy and continuous replacement of 17beta-estradiol on the tail skin temperature and behavior in the forced swimming test in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1997;73(1):93-96.

  39. Dhir A, Kulkarni SK. Antidepressant-like effect of 17beta-estradiol: involvement of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and (or) sigma-1 receptor systems. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;86(10):726-735.

  40. Estrada-Camarena E, Fernandez-Guasti A, López-Rubalcava C. Antidepressant-like effect of different estrogenic compounds in the forced swimming test. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;28(5):830-838.

  41. Estrada-Camarena E, López-Rubalcava C, Fernández-Guasti A. Facilitating antidepressant-like actions of estrogens are mediated by 5-HT1A and estrogen receptors in the rat forced swimming test. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006;31(8):905-914.

  42. López-Rubalcava C, Vega Rivera N, Cruz-Martínez JJ, Estrada-Camarena E. En: 12th Biennial meeting of the European Behavioral Pharmacology Society 2007; Tübingen, Alemania; 2007.

  43. Walf AA, Frye CA. A review and update of mechanisms of estrogen in the hippocampus and amygdala for anxiety and depression behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31(6):1097-1111.

  44. Walf AA, Frye CA. Administration of estrogen receptor beta-specific selective estrogen receptor modulators to the hippocampus decrease anxiety and depressive behavior of ovariectomized rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007;86(2):407-414.

  45. Wagner HR, Davies JN. Decreased beta-adrenergic responses in the female rat brain are eliminated by ovariectomy: correlation of [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding and catecholamine stimulated cyclic AMP levels. Brain Res 1980;201(1):235-239.

  46. Wilkinson M, Herdon HJ. Diethylstilbestrol regulates the number of alpha-and beta-adrenergic binding sites in incubated hypothalamus and amygdala. Brain Res 1982;248(1):79-85.

  47. Wagner EJ, Ronnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ. The noradrenergic inhibition of an apamin-sensitive, small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel in hypothalamic gamma-aminobutyric acid neurons: pharmacology, estrogen sensitivity, and relevance to the control of the reproductive axis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;299(1):21-30.

  48. Kaba H, Saito H, Otsuka K, Seto K et al. Effects of estrogen on the excitability of neurons projecting from the noradrenergic A1 region to the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic area. Brain Res 1983;274(1):156-159.

  49. Yoshioka M, Matsumoto M, Numazawa R, Togashi H et al. Changes in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release by alpha2-adrenoceptors in the rat hippocampus after long-term desipramine treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 1995;294(2-3):565-370.

  50. Karkanias GB, Li CS, Etgen AM. Estradiol reduction of alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding in female rat cortex is correlated with decreases in alpha 2A/D-adrenoceptor messenger RNA. Neuroscience 1997;81(3):593-597.

  51. Shackelford DP Jr, McConnaughey MM, Iams SG. The effects of estradiol and mestranol on alpha-adrenoceptors in select regions of the rat brain. Brain Res Bull 1988;21(2):329-333.

  52. Carlberg KA, Fregly MJ. Catecholamine excretion and beta-adrenergic responsiveness in estrogen-treated rats. Pharmacology 1986;32(3):147-156.

  53. Ghraf R, Michel M, Hiemke C, Knuppen R. Competition by monophenolic estrogens and catecholestrogens for high-affinity uptake of [3H](-)-norepinephrine into synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. Brain Res 1983;277(1):163-168.

  54. Hiemke C, Bruder D, Poetz B, Ghraf R. Sex-specific effects of estradiol on hypothalamic noradrenaline turnover in gonadectomized rats. Exp Brain Res 1985;59(1):68-72.

  55. Serova L, Rivkin M, Nakashima A, Sabban EL. Estradiol stimulates gene expression of norepinephrine biosynthetic enzymes in rat locus coeruleus. Neuroendocrinology 2002;75(3):193-200.

  56. Holschneider DP, Kumazawa T, Chen K, Shih JC. Tissue-specific effects of estrogen on monoamine oxidase A and B in the rat. Life Sci 1998;63(3):155-160.

  57. Ortega-Corona BG, Valencia-Sanchez A, Kubli-Garfias C, Anton-Tay F et al. Hypothalamic monoamine oxidase activity in ovariectomized rats after sexual behavior restoration. Arch Med Res 1994;25(3):337-340.

  58. Reneric JP, Lucki I. Antidepressant behavioral effects by dual inhibition of monoamine reuptake in the rat forced swimming test. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998;136(2):190-197.

  59. Connor TJ, Kelliher P, Shen Y, Harkin A et al. Effect of subchronic antidepressant treatments on behavioral, neurochemical, and endocrine changes in the forced-swim test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2000;65(4):591-597.

  60. Estrada-Camarena E, Fernández-Guasti A, López-Rubalcava C. Interaction between estrogens and antidepressants in the forced swimming test in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004;173(1-2):139-145.

  61. Jonsson G, Hallman H, Ponzio F, Ross S. DSP4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-Nethyl-2-bromobenzylamine)--a useful denervation tool for central and peripheral noradrenaline neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 1981;72(2-3):173-188.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com