medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2013, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Rev Invest Clin 2013; 65 (3)

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB): successful therapies used in the clinic to the disease

Llamas-González YY, Flores-Valdez MA

Language: Spanish
References: 45
Page: 255-262
PDF size: 196.87 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Mycobacterial species have practically evolved along humankind, sometimes provoking serious diseases. Among them, tuberculosis (TB), produced by M. tuberculosis-complex bacteria, is historically the single most devastating infectious agent. Like many other microorganisms, M. tuberculosis resistant to antibiotics have risen as a consequence of selective pressure for mutants able to persist despite being attacked with drugs that would otherwise erradicate them from the infected person. Given the current long-term (6-9 months) therapy with multiple antibiotics, many people abandon their treatments, therefore promoting that bacteria that were not eliminated during therapy get exposed to suboptimal antibiotic concentrations, probably leading to mutations and drug resistance. In this scenario, extremely-drug resistant (XDR) TB was recognized not more than a decade ago, prompting concerns for a more complicated drug regimen with few available molecules. In recent years, either old antibiotics have been rediscovered as good measures to control XDR-TB, or new ones have emerged as alternatives to cure patients of this type of infection. In this work we aim to provide the medical community in Mexico with information of such drug regimens that have succesfully worked, in order to get their consideration for use in our country.


REFERENCES

  1. Programa de Acción Tuberculosis. 2001. Disponible en: http://www.salud.gob.mx/docprog/estrategia_2/tuberculosis.pdf

  2. Dooley KE, Obuku EA, Durakovic N, Belitsky V, Mitnick C, Nuermberger EL. World Health Organization Group V Drugs for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Unclear Efficacy or Untapped Potential? J Infect Dis 2012.

  3. Gler MT, Skripconoka V, Sanchez-Garavito E, Xiao H, Cabrera- Rivero JL, Vargas-Vasquez DE, Gao M, et al. Delamanid for Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 2151-60.

  4. Shah NS, Wright A, Bai GH, Barrera L, Boulahbal F, Martin-Casabona N, Drobniewski F, et al. Worldwide Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13: 380-7.

  5. Harper I. Extreme Condition, Extreme Measures? Compliance, Drug Resistance, and the Control of Tuberculosis. Anthropol Med 2010; 17: 201-14.

  6. Seddon JA, Godfrey-Faussett P, Hesseling AC, Gie RP, Beyers N, Schaaf HS. Management of Children Exposed to Multidrug- Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12: 469-79.

  7. Caminero JA. Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Evidence and Controversies. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10: 829-37.

  8. Jain A, Dixit P, Prasad R. Pre-Xdr & Xdr in Mdr and Ofloxacin and Kanamycin Resistance in Non-Mdr Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Isolates. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2012.

  9. World Health Organization. Report of the Meeting of the Who Global Task Force on Xdr-Tb. October 2006.

  10. Banerjee R, Allen J, Westenhouse J, Oh P, Elms W, Desmond E, Nitta A, Royce S, Flood J. Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in California, 1993-2006. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47: 450-7.

  11. Grimaldo ER, Tupasi TE, Rivera AB, Quelapio MI, RC Cardano, Derilo JO, Belen VA. Increased Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Patients Seen at a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001; 5: 546-50.

  12. Velayati AA, Masjedi MR, Farnia P, Tabarsi P, Ghanavi J, Ziazarifi AH, Hoffner SE. Emergence of New Forms of Totally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Bacilli: Super Extensively Drug- Resistant Tuberculosis or Totally Drug-Resistant Strains in Iran. Chest 2009; 136: 420-5.

  13. Jassal M, Bishai WR. Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9: 19-30.

  14. Dartois V, Barry CE. Clinical Pharmacology and Lesion Penetrating Properties of Second- and Third-Line Antituberculous Agents Used in the Management of Multidrug-Resistant (Mdr) and Extensively-Drug Resistant (Xdr) Tuberculosis. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2010; 5: 96-114.

  15. Van Deun A, Salim MA, Das AP, Bastian I, Portaels F. Results of a Standardised Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Bangladesh. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8: 560-7.

  16. Prasad R. Multidrug and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Management: Evidences and Controversies. Lung India 2012; 29: 154-9.

  17. Disponible en: www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/reports/2011/Report_Summary_DR-TB_Drugs_Under_the_Microscope.pdf (May 26, 2011).

  18. K. C. and Yew Chang WW. Management of Difficult Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Update 2012. Official Journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology 2012; 18: 8-21.

  19. Iseman MD, Madsen L, Goble M, Pomerantz M. Surgical Intervention in the Treatment of Pulmonary Disease Caused by Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141: 623-5.

  20. Moodley P, Shah NS, Tayob N, Connolly C, Zetola N, Gandhi N, Friedland G, Sturm AW. Spread of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa. PLoS One 2011; 6: e17513.

  21. Disponible en: whqlibdoc.who int/hq/2008/ WHO_HTM_TB_2008.403_eng.pdf

  22. Disponible en: www.who.int/tb/challenges/mdr/xdr/en/index.html

  23. Munsiff SS, Bassoff T, Nivin B, Li J, Sharma A, Bifani P, Mathema B, Driscoll J, Kreiswirth BN. Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, New York City, 1995-1997. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8: 1230-8.

  24. Nitta AT, Knowles LS, Kim J, Lehnkering EL, Borenstein LA, Davidson PT, Harvey SM, et al. Limited Transmission of Multidrug- Resistant Tuberculosis Despite a High Proportion of Infectious Cases in Los Angeles County, California. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 812-7.

  25. Payen M. Clinical Use of the Meropenem-Clavulanate Combination for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 1-4.

  26. Tasneen R. Novel Tmc207-Containing Regimens Have Sterilizing Activity in Murine Tuberculosis. ICAAC 2011.

  27. Dauby N, Muylle I, Mouchet F, Sergysels R, Payen MC. Meropenem/ Clavulanate and Linezolid Treatment for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30: 812-3.

  28. Sotgiu G, Centis R, D’Ambrosio L, Alffenaar J, Anger H, Caminero J, Castiglia P, et al. Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Linezolid Containing Regimens in Treating Mdr-Tb and Xdr- Tb: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur Respir J 2012.

  29. Alffenaar JW, van Altena R, Harmelink IM, Filguera P, Molenaar E, Wessels AM, van Soolingen D, Kosterink JG, Uges DR, van der Werf TS. Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Two Dosage Regimens of Linezolid in Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010; 49: 559-65.

  30. Abbate E, Vescovo M, Natiello M, Cufre M, Garcia A, Gonzalez Montaner P, Ambroggi M, et al. Successful Alternative Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Argentina with a Combination of Linezolid, Moxifloxacin and Thioridazine. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67: 473-7.

  31. Udwadia ZF, Amale RA, Ajbani KK, Rodrigues C. Totally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in India. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54: 579-81.

  32. Hoyal CR, Giron-Calle J, Forman HJ. The Alveolar Macrophage as a Model of Calcium Signaling in Oxidative Stress. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 1998; 1: 117-34.

  33. Rodrigues L, Machado D, Couto I, Amaral L, Viveiros M. Contribution of Efflux Activity to Isoniazid Resistance in the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex. Infect Genet Evol 2012; 12: 695-700.

  34. Viveiros M, Portugal I, Bettencourt R, Victor TC, Jordaan AM, Leandro C, Ordway D, Amaral L, Isoniazid-Induced Transient High-Level Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 2804-10.

  35. Dutta N. New Patentable Use of an Old Neuroleptic Compound Thioridazine to Combat Tuberculosis. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2011; 6: 128-38.

  36. Machado D, Couto I, Perdigao J, Rodrigues L, Portugal I, Baptista P, Veigas B, et al. Contribution of Efflux to the Emergence of Isoniazid and Multidrug Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2012; 7: e34538.

  37. Wallis RS, Jakubiec W, Mitton-Fry M, Ladutko L, Campbell S, Paige D, Silvia A, Miller PF. Rapid Evaluation in Whole Blood Culture of Regimens for Xdr-Tb Containing Pnu-100480 (Sutezolid), Tmc207, Pa-824, Sq109, and Pyrazinamide. PLoS One 2012; 7: e30479.

  38. Shakya N. Chemotherapeutic Strategies and Targets Againts Tb. In Tech Publisher 2012; 33-92.

  39. Horita Y, Takii T, Yagi T, Ogawa K, Fujiwara N, Inagaki E, Kremer L, et al. Antitubercular Activity of Disulfiram, an Antialcoholism Drug, against Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56: 4140-5.

  40. Kaneko T, Cooper C, Mdluli K. Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Novel Drugs for Tb. Future Med Chem 2011; 3: 1373-400.

  41. Shaw KJ, Barbachyn MR. The Oxazolidinones: Past, Present, and Future. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1241: 48-70.

  42. Cholo MC, Steel HC, Fourie PB, Germishuizen WA, Anderson R. Clofazimine: Current Status and Future Prospects. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67: 290-8.

  43. Maresca A. Dithio-Carbamates Strongly Inhibit Beta-Class Carbonic Anhydrases from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011.

  44. Disponible en: www.whoint/tb/challenges/mdr/drs_maps_feb 2011.pdf

  45. Babu GR, Laxminarayan R. The Unsurprising Story of Mdr-Tb Resistance in India. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2012; 92: 301-06.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com