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2012, Number 1

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Rev Esp Cienc Salud 2012; 15 (1)

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and its relationship with cancer

Zerecero CO, Valle MA, Weiss SB, Soto CI

Language: Spanish
References: 92
Page: 15-25
PDF size: 196.80 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its related proteins (the ErbB family) are receptor tyrosine kinases that play essential roles in both normal physiological conditions and cancerous conditions. Upon binding its ligands, dyamic conformational changes occur in both extracellular and intracellular domains of the receptor tyrosine kinases, resulting in the transphosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the C-terminal regulatory domain. These provide docking sites for downstream molecules and lead to the evasion of apoptosis, to proliferation, to invasion and to metastases, all of which are important for the cancer phenotype. Mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR gene have been found in some cancers. Here, we review the discovery, and structure of EGFR, the EGFR signal transduction pathway and mutations of the EGFR gene that produce cancer. The biological significance of such mutations and their relationship with other activated genes in cancers are also discussed.


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