2008, Number 2
<< Back Next >>
Rev Hosp Jua Mex 2008; 75 (2)
El ecocardiograma en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad vascular cerebral de origen cardioembólico
López GLM, García MLF, Rodríguez CR, Ibarra ML, Torres GR, García LR
Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 117-121
PDF size: 249.52 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of stroke has increased due to available imagenology techniques such as tomography, magnetic resonance and
echocardiography. In this paper the usefulness of transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography for
diagnosis of cardiac thromboembolic stroke produced by atrial fibrilation, rheumatic mitral stenosis, prosthetic heart valves, mitral
valve prolapse, cardiac tumors, intracardiac calcifications, patent foramen ovale and septal aneurysms is reported.
REFERENCES
Kelley R, Minagar M. Cardioembolic stroke: An Update. South M J 2003; 96: 343-9.
Sacco RL, Ellenberg JH, Mohr JP, et al. Infarcts of undetermined cause: The NINCDS Stroke Data Bank. Ann Neurol 1989; 25: 382-90.
Yamamoto H, Bogousslavsky J, van Melle G. Different predictors of neurological worsening in different causes of stroke. Arch Neurol 1998; 55: 481-6.
Feinberg WM, Blackshear JL, Laupacis A, et al. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation: Analysis and implications. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 469-73.
Goldman ME, Pearce LA, Hart RG, et al. Pathophysiologic correlates of thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Reduced flow velocity in the left atrial appendage. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999; 12: 1080-7.
Manning W. Role of transesophageal echocardiography in the management of thromboembolic stroke. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80(4C): 19D-28D.
Zabalgoitia M, Pearce LA, Halperin JL, et al. Transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of clinical risk of thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fribrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31: 1622-6.
Erbel R, Stern H, Ehrenthal W, Schreiner G, Treese N, Kramer G, et al. Detection of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast within the left atrium by transesophageal echocardiography: spontaneous echocardiographic contrast. Clin Cardiol 1986; 9: 245-52.
Daniel WG, Nellessen U, Schroder E, Nonnast-Daniel B, Bednarski P, Nikutta P, et al. Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in mitral valve disease: an indicator for an increased thromboembolic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11: 1204-11.
Stein P, Alpert J, Bussey H, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves. Chest 2001; 119: S220-S27.
Hart RG, Foster J, Luther M, et al. Stroke in infective endocarditis. Stroke 1990; 21: 695-700.
Rohmann S, Erbel R, Görge G, Makowski T, Mohr-Kahaly S, Nixdorff U, et al. Clinical relevance of vegetation localization by transesophageal echocardiography in infective endocarditis. EurHeart J 1992; 12: 446-52.
Mahaffey K, Granger Ch, Sloan M, et al. Risk factors for inhospital nonhemorrhagic stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis: Results from GUSTO-I. Circulation 1998; 97: 757-64.
Koniaris L, Goldhaber. Anticoagulation in dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31: 745-8.
Gilon D, Buonenno F, Jotte M, et al. Lack of an Association between valve prolapsed and stroke in young patients. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 8-13.
Bougnher D, Barnett H. The enigma of the risk of stroke in mitral valve prolapse. Stroke 1985; 313: 1305-9.
Shapiro L. Cardiac tumors: diagnosis and management. Heart 2001; 85: 218-22.
Oliveira-Filho J, Massaro A, Yamamoto F, et al. Stroke as the first manifestation of calcific aortic stenosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000; 10: 413-6.
Ranqurel G, Merrelle L, Vincent D, Catala M, Arzimanoglu A, Vacheron A. Spontaneous calcific cerebral embolus from a calcific aortic stenosis in a middle cerebral artery infarct. Stroke 1989; 20: 691-3.
Mas J, Zuber M. For the French Study Group on Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurysm, Paris, France. Am Heart J 1995; 130: 1083-8.
Meier B, Lock J. Contemporary Management of patent foramen ovale. Circulation 2003; 1075: 5-9.
Agmon Y, Khandheria BK, Meissner I, Gentile F, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, et al. Frequency of atrial septal aneurysms in patients with cerebral ischemic events. Circulation 1999; 99: 1942-4.