Sánchez AMA, Miranda GLC, Medina GCV, Vargas GG, González RA, Conde GC

Language: Spanish
References: 23
Page: 139-144
PDF size: 172.46 Kb.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects different mucosal types, the oncogenic genotypes are necessary but not sufficient cause for the development of anal cancer. Anal cancer incidence has increased in recent years, mainly among men who have sex with men. HPV can infect anal mucosa and genital epithelium among men, the present study determined the prevalence and concordance of HPV in these anatomical sites in a sample of men who have sex with men and are HIV positive.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was carried out at Clinica Especializada Condesa, during the years 2010-2011. Anal and perianal-penis (genital) samples were collected to detect and genotype HPV using a commercial kit. HPV prevalence was calculated and comparisons between anal and genital sites were evaluated with χ² tests and agreement analysis (κ) with confidence intervals at 95%.
RESULTS. Anal and genital HPV prevalence was 95.9% and 94.1%, respectively among 338 participants. Fifty percent had multiple oncogenic genotypes in anal region and only 30.5% had multiple infection in genital region (p ‹ 0.001). The oncogenic genotypes 31, 39, 51, 56, 58 and 68 were prevalent in anal region compared to genital site. HPV-16 and HPV-59 (oncogenic genotypes) showed important agreement between both sites.
CONCLUSION. HPV prevalence among both anatomical sites was high; however, the oncogenic genotypes had a greater infection rate at anal area as compared to genital area. The same HPV genotype in both anatomical regions, suggests the possibility of a common source of infection.

REFERENCES

1. Villanueva P, Díaz P, Guido M, Rangel A, Sotelo R, García-Carranca A. “Prevalencia de virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo en el epitelio anal de hombres VIH positivos”. Bioquimia 2002;27:94-102.

2. Critchlow CW, Surawicz CM, Kolmes KK, Kuypers J, Daling JR, Hawes SE, et al. “Prospective study of high grade anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of homosexual men: influence of HIV infection, immunosuppression and human papilomavirus infection”. AIDS 1995; 9: 1255-1262.

3. Widdice LE, Moscicki AB. “Updated guidelines for papanicolaou tests, colposcopy, and human papillomavirus testing in adolescents”. J Adoles Health 2008; 43 (suppl 4): s41-s51

4. Howie HL, Katzenellenbogen RA, Galloway DA. “Papillomavirus E6 proteins”. Virology 2009; 384: 324-334

5. Evander M, Edlund K, Gustafsson A, Jonsson M, Karlsson R, Rylander E, et al. “Human papillomavirus infection is transient in young women: a population-based cohort study”. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 1026-1030.

6. Parés D, Mullerat J, Pera M. “Anal intraepithelial neoplasia”. Med Clin 2006; 127: 749-755.

7. Abbasakoor F, Boulos PB. “Anal intraepithelial neoplasia”. Br J Surg 2005; 92:277-290.

8. Levy JA. El VIH y la patogénesis del SIDA. Fondo de Cultura Económica IER. 2008.

9. Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Hogeboom CJ, Ralston ML, Da- Costa MM, BottsR, et al. “Virologic, immunologic, and clinical parameters in the incidence and progression of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men”. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998; 17: 314-319

10. Palefsky JM. “Anal squamous intraepithelial lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-positive men and women”. Semin Oncol 2000; 27: 471-479

11. Piketty C, Selinger-Leneman H, Grabar S, Duvivier C, Bonmarchand M, Abramowitz L, et al. “Marked increase in the incidence of invasive anal cancer among HIVinfected patients despite treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy”. AIDS 2008; 22: 1203-1211.

12. Kellokoski JK, Syrjanen SM, Chang F, Yliskoski M, Syrjanen KJ. “Southern blot hybridization and PCR in detection of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women with genital HPV infections”. J Oral Pathol Med 1992; 21: 1-6

13. Hernández BY, McDuffie K, Zhu Xuemei, Wilkens LR, Killeen J, Kessek B, et al. “Anal human papillomavirus infection in women and its relationships with cervical infection”. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14: 2550-2556.

14. Sirera G, Videla S, Piñol M, Cañadas MP, Llatjos M, Ballesteros AL, et al. “High prevalence of human papilloma virus infection in the anus, penis and mouth in HIV-positive men”. AIDS 2006; 20: 1201-1203

15. Landis JR, Koch GG. “The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data”. Biometrics 1977; 33:159-174.

16. Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD. “Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women”. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 423-428.

17. Frisch M, Fenger C, van den Brule AJ, Sørensen P, Meijer CJ, Walboomers JM, et al. “Variants of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and perianal skin and their relation to human papillomaviruses”. Cancer Res 1999; 59:7 53-757

18. Palefsky JM. “Human papillomavirus infection and anogenital neoplasia in human immunodeficiency viruspositive men and women”. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1998; 23: 15-20.

19. Palefsky JM, Holly EA, Gonzales J, Berline J, Ahn DK, Greenspan JS. “Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer”. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 1014-1019.

20. Carreras-Collado R, Xercavins-Montosa J, Checa- Vizcaíno MA. Virus del papiloma humano y cáncer de cuello de útero. Madrid, Médica Panamericana 2007 pp. 52-54.

21. Hernandez BY, McDuffie K, Goodman MT, Wilkens LR, Thompson P, Zhu X, et al. “Comparison of physicianand self-collected genital specimens for detection of human papillomavirus in men”. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 513-517

22. Weaver BA, Feng Q, Holmes KK, Kiviat N, Lee SK, Meyer C, et al. “Evaluation of genital sites and sampling techniques for detection of human papillomavirus DNA in men”. J Infect Dis 2004; 189: 677-685.

23. Winer RL, Lee S-K, Hughes JP, Adam DE, Kiviat NB, Koutsky LA. “Genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students”. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157:218-226. Erratum in: Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157:858.