medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3325 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2012, Number 6

<< Back Next >>

Salud Mental 2012; 35 (6)

Predicción de alteración de conducta alimentaria en mujeres mexicanas

Moral RJ, Meza PC

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 491-497
PDF size: 130.76 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine which socio-demographic, anthropometric, ego functions, cognitive, affective, social and behavioral variables are associated and predict eating alteration.
Methods: A sample by quotas of Body Mass Index group: (50% overweight and obesity and 50% normal weight) was used. The questionnaires of Overeating and Ego Function Assessment were applied to a random sample of 20 to 40 years old women, resident in the city of Monterrey, Mexico (N=217).
Results: A model that takes as hypothesis overeating by affective alteration was contrasted. Affective alteration and greater age predict overeating; the last one leads to weight gain, to which the age also contributes. The affective alteration is predicted by ego functional deficiencies, primitive object relationships and higher education level. The weight gain generates corporal image preoccupation and motivation to lose weight (probably by physical and health problems). At the same time, the corporal image dissatisfaction, increased by affective alteration, motivates to lose weight. This model shows a good fit to the data (χ2 [32, N=217]=38.14, p=.21, GFI=.97, AGFI=.94 y RMSEA=.03).
Conclusions: Ego function deficiencies lead to chronic problems of adaptation and relations, which generate affective alteration that is faced with self-indulgency in eating. The consequent weight gain increases the corporal dissatisfaction and the desire to lose weight. Diets and unresolved affective alterations can contribute in the future to an eating disorder.



REFERENCES

  1. Pena M, Bacallao J. La obesidad y sus tendencias en la Región. Pan Am J Public Health 2001;10(2):45-78.

  2. West D. Genetics of obesity in humans and animal models. Endocrinol Metabol Clin North Amer 1996;25(4):801-813.

  3. Contreras J. La obesidad: una perspectiva cultural. Form Cont Nutr Obes 2002;5(6):275-286.

  4. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington: Cuarta edición, texto revisado (DSM-IV-TR); APA; 2000.

  5. Kilicarslan A, Isildak M, Sain-Guven G, Gul-Oz S et al. Demographic, socioeconomic and educational aspects of obesity in an adult population. J Natl Med Assoc 2006;98(8):1313-1317.

  6. Stunkard AJ. Factores determinantes de la obesidad: opinión actual. La Obesidad en la pobreza: un reto para la salud pública. Public Cient OPS-OMS 2000;576:27-32.

  7. Toro J. El cuerpo como delito. Barcelona: Ariel; 2008.

  8. Martínez I, Villezca PA. La alimentación en México: un estudio a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares. Notas. Revista de Información y Análisis. 2002; 21: 26-37.

  9. Morley JE. The metabolic syndrome and aging. J Gerontol 2004; 59(2):139-142.

  10. Meza C, Moral J. Obesidad femenina: negociando significados. Alternativas en Psicología. 2012; 17(26):23-38.

  11. Chinchilla A. Obesidad y psiquiatría. Barcelona: Masson; 2005.

  12. McLaren L. Socioeconomic status and obesity. Epidemiol Rev 2007;29(1):29-48.

  13. Moral J. Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, un complejo fenómeno biopsicosocial. RESPYN 2002;3(3). En red: www.uanl.mx/publicaciones/ respyn/iii/ensayos/trastornos.html.

  14. Measelle J, Stice E, Hogansen J. Developmental trajectories of co-occurring depressive, eating, antisocial, and substance abuse problems in female adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 2006;115(3):524-538.

  15. Nolen S, Stice E, Wade E, Bohon C. Reciprocal relations between rumination and bulimic, substance abuse, and depressive symptoms in female adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 2007; 116(1):198-207.

  16. Olaiz G, Rivera J, Shamah T, Rojas R et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 (ENSANUT2006). Cuernavca, Morelos: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; 2007.

  17. Moral J. Modelos predictivos de factores de riesgo de síntomas de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. En: Moral J, Ybarra JL, Álvarez J, Zapata J, González J (eds). Adolescentes escolarizados: sus hábitos de actividad física y alimentación. Un estudio comparativo en el noreste de México. México: Fontamara; 2011. pp. 349-411.

  18. Cramer P. Ego functions and ego development: defense mechanisms and intelligence as predictors of ego level. J Personal 1999;67(5):735-760.

  19. Stroe JG. Obesity and ego function. San Diego, CA: tesis de doctorado. University of California; 1995.

  20. Wadden T. MMPI as a predictor of weight loss. Psychol Rep 1980;46:984-986.

  21. McCall R. Group therapy with obese women of varying MMPI profiles. J Clin Psychol 1974;30(4):466-470.

  22. Rand C, Stunkard AJ. Obesity and psychoanalysis. Am J Psych 1978;135(5):547-555.

  23. O’Donnell WE, Warren WL. Cuestionario de Sobreingesta Alimentaria (OQ). México: Manual Moderno; 2007.

  24. Meza C, Moral J. Validación de la versión en español del Cuestionario Sobreingesta Alimentaria (OQ) en una Muestra de Mujeres Mexicanas. Rev Intercont Psicol Educ 2012;14(2):73-96.

  25. Bellak L, Goldsmith LA. Metas amplias para la evaluación de las funciones del Yo. México: El Manual Moderno; 1993.

  26. Moral J, Meza C. Evaluaciones de las funciones del Yo en mujeres mexicanas con obesidad. Cuad Med Psicosom Psiquiatr Enlace 2012;102:11-23.

  27. American Psychological Association. Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Am Psychol 2002;57:1060-73.

  28. Sociedad Mexicana de Psicología. Código ético del psicólogo. Cuarta edición. México, DF: Editorial Trillas; 2007.

  29. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Tercera edición. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2010.

  30. Elfhag K, Lundh LG. TAS-20 alexithymia in obesity, and its links to personality. Scand J Psychol 2007;48(5):391-398.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com