Natera RG, Callejas PF, Barker S, Little TV, Medina AP

Language: Spanish
References: 41
Page: 63-70
PDF size: 124.87 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction Mental health can have different meanings in indigenous communities, which is why understanding mental problems requires studying the context. Knowledge of mental health in these communities sheds light on the population’s perception of how they live and experience the stressful events that cause depressive symptomatology. The aim of this article is to analyze the link between the symptoms expressed in an indigenous population and the symptoms evaluated using the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies (CES-D) and its link with socio-demographic variables.
Method The sample comprises indigenous women from the Mezquital Valley who attended medical consultations and were referred for psychological treatment since they were considered to be suffering from emotional malaise due to their inability to cope with living with a relative who was a heavy drinker. A mixed method that explores meanings was used to analyze the information. This method involves the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data that complement each other in order to understand the cultural context and influences. The quantitative analysis consisted of obtaining the score for depressive symptomatology and its link with socio-demographic variables such as academic achievement, age, occupation and marital status. Presence (experiencing the symptom in the week prior to the interview, regardless of the number of days) and persistence (experiencing the symptom from five to seven days) were analyzed.
Results and discussion Sixty-two per cent obtained high scores for depressive symptomatology. The qualitative data indicate that the women expressed feelings that correspond to items in the CES-D. Working and being young constitute a protective factor that provides women with a social life and a degree of independence. The effectiveness of the CES-D as a screening instrument means that it can be applied in primary health care to alert professionals and ensure timely referral.
Conclusion The CES-D scale is suitable for measuring depressive symptomatology in Mexico’s indigenous population. However, these findings must be treated with caution because of the population’s meanings and representations of health and illness.

REFERENCES

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14. Natera G, Medina P, Callejas F, Juárez F et al. Efectos de una intervención a familiares de consumidores de alcohol en una región indígena de México. Salud Mental 2011;34:195-201.

15. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A new self-report depression scale for Research in the General Population. Appl Psychol Measurement 1977;1:385-401.

16. Tiburcio M, Natera G. Adaptación al contexto Ñahñú del cuestionario de enfrentamientos (CQ), la escala de síntomas (SRT) y la escala de depresión del centro de estudios epidemiológicos (CES-D). Salud Mental 2007;30(3):48-58.

17. Salgado-Snyder VN, Maldonado M. Características psicométricas de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) en mujeres mexicanas adultas de áreas rurales. Salud Pública Mex 1994;36:200-209.

18. Matud P, Carbelleira M, López M, Marrero R et al. Apoyo social y salud: Un análisis de género. Salud Mental 2002;25:32-37. 19. Angst J, Merikangas K. The depressive spectrum: diagnostic classification and course. J Affect Disord 1997;45:31-40.

19. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM, Beautrais AL. Subthreshold depression in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood. General Archive Psychiatry 2005;62:66-72.

20. Roberts E. Reliability of the CES-D: Scale in different ethnic contexts. Psychiatry Res 1980;2:125-134.

21. Kleinman A. Patients and healers in the context of culture. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press; 1980.

22. Good B. Medicine, rationality, and experience: an anthropological perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1994.

23. Pedersen D, Kienzler H, Gamarra J. Llaki and Ñakary: idioms of distress and suffering among the highland Quechua in the peruvian Andes. Cult Med Psychiatry 2010;34:279-300.

24. Beiser M, FRCPC. Why should researchers care about culture? Can J Psychiatry 2003;48:154–160.

25. Antze P, Lambeck M. Telling stories, making selves. memory and identity in multiple personality disorder. En: Tense past: Cutural essays in trauma and memory (eds.) New York: Routledge; 1996; pp. 3-24.

26. Chung Chi-Ying R, Kagawa M. Interpretation of symptom presentation and distress: A southeast asian refugee example. J Nerv Ment Dis 1995;10:639-648.

27. Salgado de Snyder VN, Díaz-Pérez M. Los trastornos afectivos en la población rural. Salud Mental 1999 (número especial):68-74.

28. Bautista N. Salud mental y cultura una aproximación al modelo saludenfermedad hñahñu. Tesis de licenciatura. México: Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia; 2009.

29. Berenzon S, Saavedra N. Presencia de la herbolaria en el tratamiento de los problemas emocionales: Entrevista a los curanderos urbanos. Salud Mental 2002;1:55-66.

30. Natera G, Tiburcio M, García E, Valeriano Y et al. Una visión antropológica de los desafíos para un programa de intervención relacionado con el consumo de alcohol en una comunidad indígena. Antropología física y salud en sociedad. Viejas tradiciones y nuevos retos. México: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia-ENHA; 2007; pp.329-348.

31. Tiburcio M. Adaptación de un modelo de intervención para familiares de usuarios de alcohol en una comunidad indígena. Tesis doctorado. México: Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; 2009.

32. Salgado de Snyder VN, Díaz-Pérez MJ, González-Vázquez T. Modelos de integración de recursos para la atención de la salud mental en la población rural de México. Salud Mental 2003;45:19-23.

33. Beekman ATF, Deeg DJH, Tilburg T, Smit JH et al. Major and minor depression in later life: a study of prevalence and risk factors. J Affect Disord 1995;36:65-75.

34. Natera G, Medina P, Callejas F, Juárez F et al. Efectos de una intervención a familiares de consumidores de alcohol en una región indígena de México. Salud Mental 2011;34:195-201.

35. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A new self-report depression scale for Research in the General Population. Appl Psychol Measurement 1977;1:385-401.

36. Tiburcio M, Natera G. Adaptación al contexto Ñahñú del cuestionario de enfrentamientos (CQ), la escala de síntomas (SRT) y la escala de depresión del centro de estudios epidemiológicos (CES-D). Salud Mental 2007;30(3):48-58.

37. Salgado-Snyder VN, Maldonado M. Características psicométricas de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) en mujeres mexicanas adultas de áreas rurales. Salud Pública Mex 1994;36:200-209.

38. Matud P, Carbelleira M, López M, Marrero R et al. Apoyo social y salud: Un análisis de género. Salud Mental 2002;25:32-37.

39. Angst J, Merikangas K. The depressive spectrum: diagnostic classification and course. J Affect Disord 1997;45:31-40.

40. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM, Beautrais AL. Subthreshold depression in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood. General Archive Psychiatry 2005;62:66-72.

41. Roberts E. Reliability of the CES-D: Scale in different ethnic contexts. Psychiatry Res 1980;2:125-134.