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Medicina & Laboratorio

2010, Number 11-12

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Medicina & Laboratorio 2010; 16 (11-12)

Nuevas perspectivas en diagnóstico prenatal

Tangarife CV, Castro ÁJF, Maldonado EJG

Language: Spanish
References: 53
Page: 561-570
PDF size: 987.77 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Fetal abnormalities affect 1% of the newborns worldwide and have been associated with 20% of infant mortality during the first year of life. Prenatal diagnosis allows early detection of fetal or maternal abnormalities, in order to provide a better way to deal with the situation or to initiate treatment during pregnancy or after birth, even in some countries the continuation of the pregnancy is an option. This diagnosis is made by cytological and genetic analysis using invasive and noninvasive methods. Invasive methods, including amniocentesis, cordocentesis and chorionic villus biopsy, allow the extraction of material for analysis, but they can result in rupture of membranes in the mother, leading to complications such as bleeding, infections and abortions. Against this, the use of noninvasive methods has been proposed, including the study of fetal cells such as lymphocytes, erythroblasts and trophoblasts, and fetal nucleic acids (DNA and mRNA) circulating in the peripheral blood of the mother, to avoid injury of the fetus or the mother. The present article aims to review the methods used for prenatal diagnosis, their application and their development potential.


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