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2010, Number 1

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Acta Cient Estud 2010; 8 (1)

Multiple Myeloma: Most important translocations and their implications in the prognosis of the disease

Menoni-Blanco BJ, Da Silva-De Abreu AJ

Language: Spanish
References: 49
Page: 15-22
PDF size: 268.50 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Genetic alterations in Multiple Myeloma (MM) have been deeply studied, being chromosomal translocations early relevant events in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Translocations appear since early stages of this sort of cancer. It has been proved the existence of primary non random events that destabilize the chromosome and develop other secondary alterations. Among such primary alterations those of heavy and light immunoglobulin chains stand out, which occur in the process of modification of the DNA in Lymphocytes B. At the same time, these translocations are related to the expression of multiple oncogenes such as CCDN1, CCDN3, FGFR3 and MAF family, whose expression lead to other genetic alterations, like the expression of MYC, which does not relate to the process of B cell differentiation. Translocations constitute a common event in almost all MM cell lines (about 90%). Oncogene overexpression; as consequences of these alterations, is related to an increased rate of cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Some oncogenes; among them CCDN1, have a fundamental role in the progression of the disease that has not been completely clarified, meanwhile other better studied; like FGFR3 have a well known clinical-molecular relationship, being associated to a worse prognosis with a significant decrease of survival (21 vs 43 months). Knowledge of these genetic alterations is essential for the treatment and prognosis of patients with MM.


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