2010, Número 1
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Acta Cient Estud 2010; 8 (1)
Mieloma Múltiple: Translocaciones más importantes y sus implicaciones en el pronóstico de la enfermedad
Menoni-Blanco BJ, Da Silva-De Abreu AJ
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 49
Paginas: 15-22
Archivo PDF: 268.50 Kb.
RESUMEN
Las alteraciones genéticas del Mieloma Múltiple (MM) han sido estudiadas con profundidad, siendo las translocaciones cromosómicas eventos relevantes en la patogenia de la enfermedad. Las translocaciones aparecen desde los estadios iniciales de esta patología. Se ha comprobado que existen eventos primarios no aleatorios que desestabilizan al cromosoma y provocan otras alteraciones secundarias. Entre dichas alteraciones primarias destacan aquellas que comprometen las cadenas pesada y ligera de las inmunoglobulinas, que ocurren en los procesos de modificación de ADN de los linfocitos B. A su vez, estas translocaciones están relacionadas a la expresión de diversos oncogenes como CCDN1, CCDN3, FGFR3 y familia MAF, cuya expresión produce otras alteraciones genéticas, como la expresión de MYC, que no se encuentran relacionadas con el proceso de diferenciación de las células B. Las translocaciones constituyen un evento común en casi la totalidad de las líneas celulares del MM (alrededor del 90%). La expresión exacerbada de oncogenes; como consecuencia de dichas translocaciones, está relacionada con un aumento en la proliferación celular e inhibición de apoptosis. Algunos oncogenes; entre ellos el CCDN1, tienen un rol fundamental en la progresión de la enfermedad que no ha sido del todo esclarecido, mientras que otros mejor estudiados; como FGFR3 tienen una relación clínico-molecular conocida, asociándose a un pronóstico más sombrío con una disminución significativa de la sobrevida (21 vs 43 meses). El conocimiento de estas alteraciones genéticas es esencial en el manejo y pronóstico de los pacientes con MM.
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